Đề Ôn Tập Thi Tốt Nghiệp THPT Tiếng Anh 2022 THPT Lê Quý Đôn

Wind is a clean source of renewable energy that produces no air or water pollution. And since the wind is free, operational costs are nearly zero (34) ______ a turbine is erected. Mass production and technology advances are making turbines cheaper, and (35) ______ governments offer tax incentives to spur wind-energy development.

Drawbacks include complaints from (36) ______ that wind turbines are ugly and noisy. The slowly rotating blades can also kill birds and bats, but not nearly as many as cars, power lines, and high-rise buildings do. The wind is also variable: If it's not blowing, there's no electricity generated.

Nevertheless, the wind energy industry is (37) ______. Thanks to global efforts to combat climate change, such as the Paris Agreement, renewable energy is seeing a boom in growth, in (38) ______ wind energy has led the way. From 2000 to 2015, cumulative wind capacity around the world increased from 17,000 megawatts to more than 430,000 megawatts. In 2015, China also surpassed the EU in the number of installed wind turbines and continues to lead installation efforts.

(Adapted from https://www.nationalgeographic.com/)

The coronavirus is usually transmitted by droplets, such as those produced when coughing and sneezing, and by direct or indirect contact with secretions infected by the virus. The virus may also shed in blood, urine and faeces, and, therefore, there is potential for transmission through contact with a wide range of bodily fluids. Certainly, person-to-person spread has been confirmed in community and healthcare settings across Asia and into Europe. There is also a possibility that asymptomatic carriers may be able to infect people. Public Health England (PHE) has classified the COVID-19 infection as an airborne, high consequence infectious disease (HCID) in the UK.

The application of infection prevention and control (IPC) principles are already widely used by healthcare professionals within hospital and community settings to both prevent the spread of infections and to control outbreaks when they do occur. The WHO has issued interim guidance regarding IPC when COVID-19 is suspected. This advice is echoed by guidance issued by PHE.

PHE suggests the coronavirus may pose complications, such as illness pneumonia or severe acute respiratory infection. They also suggest that patients with long-term conditions or are immunocompromised are at risk of these complications. It is important that as first-line staff, midwives are also familiar with the recommended IPC principles and measures, and ensure they have the appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) when caring for a patient with suspected COVID-19.

There are many theories of aging, but virtually all fall into the category of being hypotheses with a minimum of supporting evidence. One viewpoint is that aging occurs as the body's organ systems become less efficient. Thus failures in the immune system, hormonal system, and nervous system could all produce characteristics that we associate with aging. Following a different vein, many current researchers are looking for evidence at the cellular and sub cellular level.

It has been shown that cells such as human fibroblasts (generalized tissue cells) grown in culture divide only a limited number of times and then die. (Only cancer cells seem immortal in this respect). Fibroblast cells from an embryo divide more times than those taken from an adult. Thus some researchers believe that aging occurs at the cellular level and is part of the cell's genetic makeup. Any event that disturbs the cell's genetic machinery such as mutation, damaging chemicals in the cell's environment, or loss of genetic material, could cause cells to lose their ability to divide and thus bring on aging. Other theories of aging look at different processes. Chronological aging refers to the passage of time since birth and is usually measured in years. While chronological age can be useful in estimating the average status of a large group of people, it is a poor indicator of an individual person's status because there is a tremendous amount of variation from one individual to the next in regard to the rate at which biological age changes occur. For example, on the average, aging results in people losing much of their ability to perform strenuous activities, yet some elderly individuals are excellent marathon runners.

Another type of aging is cosmetic aging, which consists of changes in outward appearance with advancing age. This includes changes in the body and changes in other aspects of a person's appearance, such as the style of hair and clothing, the type of eyeglasses, and the use of a hearing aid. Like chronological aging, it is frequently used to estimate the degree to which other types of aging have occurred. However, it is an inaccurate indicator for either purpose because of variation among individuals and because a person's appearance is affected by many factors that are not part of aging, including illness, poor nutrition, and exposure to sunlight