Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

Revenge Bedtime Procrastination

“Revenge bedtime procrastination” is a term that describes the decision to sacrifice sleep for leisure activities, (5) __________ this is driven by a daily schedule that lacks free time. For people in high-stress jobs that take up the (6) __________ of their day, revenge bedtime procrastination is a way to find a few hours of entertainment even though it results in insufficient sleep.

Sleep procrastination can take several different forms. One form involves delaying the act of getting into bed (bedtime procrastination), while (7) __________ is more about delaying the time of trying to fall asleep once in bed (while-in-bed procrastination). The English term “revenge bedtime procrastination” emerged from a translation of an expression in Chinese that (8) __________ frustration caused by long, stressful working hours that left little time for personal enjoyment. In this way, bedtime procrastination is seen as a way to get “revenge” on daytime hours for people (9)________ have little or no free time.

(Adapted from sleepfoundation.org)

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

Revenge Bedtime Procrastination

“Revenge bedtime procrastination” is a term that describes the decision to sacrifice sleep for leisure activities, (5) __________ this is driven by a daily schedule that lacks free time. For people in high-stress jobs that take up the (6) __________ of their day, revenge bedtime procrastination is a way to find a few hours of entertainment even though it results in insufficient sleep.

Sleep procrastination can take several different forms. One form involves delaying the act of getting into bed (bedtime procrastination), while (7) __________ is more about delaying the time of trying to fall asleep once in bed (while-in-bed procrastination). The English term “revenge bedtime procrastination” emerged from a translation of an expression in Chinese that (8) __________ frustration caused by long, stressful working hours that left little time for personal enjoyment. In this way, bedtime procrastination is seen as a way to get “revenge” on daytime hours for people (9)________ have little or no free time.

(Adapted from sleepfoundation.org)

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

Revenge Bedtime Procrastination

“Revenge bedtime procrastination” is a term that describes the decision to sacrifice sleep for leisure activities, (5) __________ this is driven by a daily schedule that lacks free time. For people in high-stress jobs that take up the (6) __________ of their day, revenge bedtime procrastination is a way to find a few hours of entertainment even though it results in insufficient sleep.

Sleep procrastination can take several different forms. One form involves delaying the act of getting into bed (bedtime procrastination), while (7) __________ is more about delaying the time of trying to fall asleep once in bed (while-in-bed procrastination). The English term “revenge bedtime procrastination” emerged from a translation of an expression in Chinese that (8) __________ frustration caused by long, stressful working hours that left little time for personal enjoyment. In this way, bedtime procrastination is seen as a way to get “revenge” on daytime hours for people (9)________ have little or no free time.

(Adapted from sleepfoundation.org)

As we explore outer space, we are also been creating a bit of a mess. Orbiting our planet are thousands of dead satellites, along with bits of machinery from all the rockets we’ve launched over the years. And one day, these objects that we leave in space – which are called space debris or space junk – could pose serious issues.

All space junk are man-made objects launched from Earth, which remain in orbit until they re-enter the atmosphere. Some objects in lower orbits of a few hundred kilometres often re-enter the atmosphere quite fast and then burn up before reaching the ground. But junk and dead satellites that are left at higher altitudes of 36,000 kilometres, can continue to circle Earth for hundreds or even thousands of years.

Even the smallest pieces of space junk can travel at speeds up to 28,000 kilometres per hour, presenting great risks to satellites functioning around the Earth. As a result of this, they have to actively move out of the way to avoid getting hit. In total, across all satellites, hundreds of collision avoidance manoeuvres are performed every year, including by the International Space Station (ISS), where astronauts live. Fortunately, collisions scarcely happen and when they do, there has been no serious loss.

The United Nations have called for the removal of satellites from orbit, and several companies around the world have come up with creative solutions, including removing dead satellites from orbit and dragging them back into the atmosphere, where they will burn up. However, these methods are only useful for large satellites orbiting Earth. For now, we can only wait for smaller pieces of debris to naturally re-enter Earth's atmosphere.

(Adapted from nhm.ac.uk/discover)

When 37-year-old Heather Marcoux was expecting her son several years ago, she and her husband assumed he would be the first of many. But today, the parents are very clear that the young boy will never have a sibling. “We can offer our one child a pretty good standard of living,” she says. “But if we added any more kids, it would go down significantly.”
It's easy to see why young people are hesitating to have large families. Financial stability is more difficult to achieve than ever. One in 10 non-retired Americans say their finances may never recover from the COVID pandemic. For many, home ownership is nothing but a wild dream. In Marcoux's case, having to pay increasing living expenses and maintaining a home are part of the reasons why the family won't have more children. It's scary, she says, to think that something catastrophic could happen and throw them into financial crisis in the uncertain future. On top of that, adds Marcoux, she worries that she isn't providing enough for her son.
For other would-be parents, these financial concerns are only compounded by worries over political and civil unrest, both local and global. While wars and political issues have been a reality for nearly every generation, parents today face a world that seems much scarier than that of their own parents or grandparents. Despite higher-than-ever life expectancy, improved technology and access to modern healthcare, the constant presence of the mass media everywhere means we're much more aware of all the terrifying things happening around the world, from food shortages to school shootings.
The ongoing climate crisis is also a factor. A 2019 poll by Business Insider showed close to a third of Americans thought couples should “consider the negative effects of climate change when deciding whether to have children”. Marcoux says she fears the next generation will suffer with the worst effects of climate change, and she worries about the dismal version of the Earth her child and potential grandchildren will inherit. “Why would I bring another child into the mix when I sometimes think about the future and am just terrified for him or her?” This is also the question many young people have as they decide how many children to have, or whether to have any at all, in the face of increasingly desperate reports about the state of the planet.

(Adapted from bbc.com)

When 37-year-old Heather Marcoux was expecting her son several years ago, she and her husband assumed he would be the first of many. But today, the parents are very clear that the young boy will never have a sibling. “We can offer our one child a pretty good standard of living,” she says. “But if we added any more kids, it would go down significantly.”
It's easy to see why young people are hesitating to have large families. Financial stability is more difficult to achieve than ever. One in 10 non-retired Americans say their finances may never recover from the COVID pandemic. For many, home ownership is nothing but a wild dream. In Marcoux's case, having to pay increasing living expenses and maintaining a home are part of the reasons why the family won't have more children. It's scary, she says, to think that something catastrophic could happen and throw them into financial crisis in the uncertain future. On top of that, adds Marcoux, she worries that she isn't providing enough for her son.
For other would-be parents, these financial concerns are only compounded by worries over political and civil unrest, both local and global. While wars and political issues have been a reality for nearly every generation, parents today face a world that seems much scarier than that of their own parents or grandparents. Despite higher-than-ever life expectancy, improved technology and access to modern healthcare, the constant presence of the mass media everywhere means we're much more aware of all the terrifying things happening around the world, from food shortages to school shootings.
The ongoing climate crisis is also a factor. A 2019 poll by Business Insider showed close to a third of Americans thought couples should “consider the negative effects of climate change when deciding whether to have children”. Marcoux says she fears the next generation will suffer with the worst effects of climate change, and she worries about the dismal version of the Earth her child and potential grandchildren will inherit. “Why would I bring another child into the mix when I sometimes think about the future and am just terrified for him or her?” This is also the question many young people have as they decide how many children to have, or whether to have any at all, in the face of increasingly desperate reports about the state of the planet.

(Adapted from bbc.com)

When 37-year-old Heather Marcoux was expecting her son several years ago, she and her husband assumed he would be the first of many. But today, the parents are very clear that the young boy will never have a sibling. “We can offer our one child a pretty good standard of living,” she says. “But if we added any more kids, it would go down significantly.”
It's easy to see why young people are hesitating to have large families. Financial stability is more difficult to achieve than ever. One in 10 non-retired Americans say their finances may never recover from the COVID pandemic. For many, home ownership is nothing but a wild dream. In Marcoux's case, having to pay increasing living expenses and maintaining a home are part of the reasons why the family won't have more children. It's scary, she says, to think that something catastrophic could happen and throw them into financial crisis in the uncertain future. On top of that, adds Marcoux, she worries that she isn't providing enough for her son.
For other would-be parents, these financial concerns are only compounded by worries over political and civil unrest, both local and global. While wars and political issues have been a reality for nearly every generation, parents today face a world that seems much scarier than that of their own parents or grandparents. Despite higher-than-ever life expectancy, improved technology and access to modern healthcare, the constant presence of the mass media everywhere means we're much more aware of all the terrifying things happening around the world, from food shortages to school shootings.
The ongoing climate crisis is also a factor. A 2019 poll by Business Insider showed close to a third of Americans thought couples should “consider the negative effects of climate change when deciding whether to have children”. Marcoux says she fears the next generation will suffer with the worst effects of climate change, and she worries about the dismal version of the Earth her child and potential grandchildren will inherit. “Why would I bring another child into the mix when I sometimes think about the future and am just terrified for him or her?” This is also the question many young people have as they decide how many children to have, or whether to have any at all, in the face of increasingly desperate reports about the state of the planet.

(Adapted from bbc.com)

When 37-year-old Heather Marcoux was expecting her son several years ago, she and her husband assumed he would be the first of many. But today, the parents are very clear that the young boy will never have a sibling. “We can offer our one child a pretty good standard of living,” she says. “But if we added any more kids, it would go down significantly.”
It's easy to see why young people are hesitating to have large families. Financial stability is more difficult to achieve than ever. One in 10 non-retired Americans say their finances may never recover from the COVID pandemic. For many, home ownership is nothing but a wild dream. In Marcoux's case, having to pay increasing living expenses and maintaining a home are part of the reasons why the family won't have more children. It's scary, she says, to think that something catastrophic could happen and throw them into financial crisis in the uncertain future. On top of that, adds Marcoux, she worries that she isn't providing enough for her son.
For other would-be parents, these financial concerns are only compounded by worries over political and civil unrest, both local and global. While wars and political issues have been a reality for nearly every generation, parents today face a world that seems much scarier than that of their own parents or grandparents. Despite higher-than-ever life expectancy, improved technology and access to modern healthcare, the constant presence of the mass media everywhere means we're much more aware of all the terrifying things happening around the world, from food shortages to school shootings.
The ongoing climate crisis is also a factor. A 2019 poll by Business Insider showed close to a third of Americans thought couples should “consider the negative effects of climate change when deciding whether to have children”. Marcoux says she fears the next generation will suffer with the worst effects of climate change, and she worries about the dismal version of the Earth her child and potential grandchildren will inherit. “Why would I bring another child into the mix when I sometimes think about the future and am just terrified for him or her?” This is also the question many young people have as they decide how many children to have, or whether to have any at all, in the face of increasingly desperate reports about the state of the planet.

(Adapted from bbc.com)

When 37-year-old Heather Marcoux was expecting her son several years ago, she and her husband assumed he would be the first of many. But today, the parents are very clear that the young boy will never have a sibling. “We can offer our one child a pretty good standard of living,” she says. “But if we added any more kids, it would go down significantly.”
It's easy to see why young people are hesitating to have large families. Financial stability is more difficult to achieve than ever. One in 10 non-retired Americans say their finances may never recover from the COVID pandemic. For many, home ownership is nothing but a wild dream. In Marcoux's case, having to pay increasing living expenses and maintaining a home are part of the reasons why the family won't have more children. It's scary, she says, to think that something catastrophic could happen and throw them into financial crisis in the uncertain future. On top of that, adds Marcoux, she worries that she isn't providing enough for her son.
For other would-be parents, these financial concerns are only compounded by worries over political and civil unrest, both local and global. While wars and political issues have been a reality for nearly every generation, parents today face a world that seems much scarier than that of their own parents or grandparents. Despite higher-than-ever life expectancy, improved technology and access to modern healthcare, the constant presence of the mass media everywhere means we're much more aware of all the terrifying things happening around the world, from food shortages to school shootings.
The ongoing climate crisis is also a factor. A 2019 poll by Business Insider showed close to a third of Americans thought couples should “consider the negative effects of climate change when deciding whether to have children”. Marcoux says she fears the next generation will suffer with the worst effects of climate change, and she worries about the dismal version of the Earth her child and potential grandchildren will inherit. “Why would I bring another child into the mix when I sometimes think about the future and am just terrified for him or her?” This is also the question many young people have as they decide how many children to have, or whether to have any at all, in the face of increasingly desperate reports about the state of the planet.

(Adapted from bbc.com)

When 37-year-old Heather Marcoux was expecting her son several years ago, she and her husband assumed he would be the first of many. But today, the parents are very clear that the young boy will never have a sibling. “We can offer our one child a pretty good standard of living,” she says. “But if we added any more kids, it would go down significantly.”
It's easy to see why young people are hesitating to have large families. Financial stability is more difficult to achieve than ever. One in 10 non-retired Americans say their finances may never recover from the COVID pandemic. For many, home ownership is nothing but a wild dream. In Marcoux's case, having to pay increasing living expenses and maintaining a home are part of the reasons why the family won't have more children. It's scary, she says, to think that something catastrophic could happen and throw them into financial crisis in the uncertain future. On top of that, adds Marcoux, she worries that she isn't providing enough for her son.
For other would-be parents, these financial concerns are only compounded by worries over political and civil unrest, both local and global. While wars and political issues have been a reality for nearly every generation, parents today face a world that seems much scarier than that of their own parents or grandparents. Despite higher-than-ever life expectancy, improved technology and access to modern healthcare, the constant presence of the mass media everywhere means we're much more aware of all the terrifying things happening around the world, from food shortages to school shootings.
The ongoing climate crisis is also a factor. A 2019 poll by Business Insider showed close to a third of Americans thought couples should “consider the negative effects of climate change when deciding whether to have children”. Marcoux says she fears the next generation will suffer with the worst effects of climate change, and she worries about the dismal version of the Earth her child and potential grandchildren will inherit. “Why would I bring another child into the mix when I sometimes think about the future and am just terrified for him or her?” This is also the question many young people have as they decide how many children to have, or whether to have any at all, in the face of increasingly desperate reports about the state of the planet.

(Adapted from bbc.com)