Kỳ Thi Khảo Sát Chất Lượng Học Sinh Lớp 12 Tiếng Anh 2025-2026 - Đợt 2 (Mã Đề 1131)

For much of the 20th century, AI struggled not from a lack of ambition, but because available hardware wasn't powerful enough. Early systems hit limits on processing speed and memory, contributing to "AI winters" as progress stalled and funding dried up. Today, this problem is largely resolved. AI models are now trained on specialized chips in vast data centers. Compute, which used to be the main bottleneck, can now simply be purchased. Companies like Nvidia mass-produce powerful graphics processing units (GPUs)—originally designed for gaming but perfectly suited to AI calculations. What holds AI back now? The physical limit of electricity.
Modern AI models don't just train once; they operate continuously, powering chatbots, search engines, and autonomous agents. This shift has made AI a constant, large-scale electricity consumer. According to Sampsa Samila of IESE Business School, "the core issue is not a shortage of energy in absolute terms, but rather the availability of reliable, firm capacity at the right place and the right time".
Predictions for AI energy consumption show this strain. The International Energy Agency (IEA) projects data centers will consume more than twice as much electricity by the decade's end. In parts of the U.S., data center power usage already rivals heavy industry.
How AI is used matters as much as how it is trained. Training large models consumes immense power but occurs infrequently. What is growing faster is the everyday work of models responding to users. Samila notes that newer "reasoning" AI systems, which deliberate longer, push energy demands into everyday operations rather than occasional large training runs.
(Adapted from: https://www.livescience.com)

The so-called generation gap has arguably never been wider, yet it has never been more misunderstood. [I] Picture a family dinner at which a grandparent laments that young people are glued to screens, while a grandchild concludes the elder is irrelevant. Both retreat into their own certainties, leaving their misalignment of values, priorities, and lived experiences entirely unexamined. Commentators habitually frame this estrangement as a consequence of technological acceleration: older generations struggle to master tools that younger ones absorb instinctively, and each side interprets the other's unfamiliarity as evidence of deeper inadequacy.
Social media has transformed what was once a private tension into an intractable cultural spectacle. Viral videos pit young professionals against exasperated older voices, harvesting engagement through generational grievance. Older adults are mocked as technologically incompetent and emotionally rigid; younger generations are dismissed as entitled and incapable of sustained effort. [II] Media features and corporate reports amplify these caricatures into boardrooms, classrooms, and policy chambers, where consequential decisions about employment, education, and social provision are made.
The term 'generation gap' entered popular discourse in the 1960s, but the practice of treating generational difference as fixed, oppositional, and insurmountable has intensified in recent decades. Employers who dismiss younger workers as entitled simultaneously overlook their own rigidity in the face of change. [III] Researchers have documented how the burden of proof is disproportionately assigned to the young: it is consistently they who must adapt their communication styles, suppress their expectations, and perform gratitude for opportunities previous generations received without question. Performance review culture illustrates this imbalance most vividly, as assessments of 'professionalism' routinely encode the preferences of whoever holds the senior position.
Why does this matter beyond interpersonal friction? Surface-level interventions — reverse-mentoring programmes and generational awareness workshops — are adopted by HR departments eager to signal modernity while leaving underlying power hierarchies untouched. [IV] Expecting harmony between generations without fostering conditions for genuine mutual listening resembles asking two musicians to perform in unison when neither has agreed to hear the other's melody. Collaborative possibilities remain squandered, not because the divide is unbridgeable, but because addressing it seriously would require organisations to redistribute power rather than merely rebrand it.
Bridging the generation gap authentically — through enforceable equity, transparent dialogue, and a genuine willingness to revise inherited assumptions — is indispensable if workplaces and families are to harness the full range of human experience across age.

Urban gardening has become a powerful movement for city dwellers seeking a deeper connection (19)_____ nature. Growing food in small spaces — whether on rooftops, balconies, or community plots — brings both environmental and mental health benefits. (20)_____, it empowers residents to take meaningful control over what they consume, reducing dependence on long supply chains.
Our neighborhood initiative has recently launched a series of (21)_____ to help beginners get started. Volunteers provide tools, seeds, and hands-on training every Saturday morning. (22)_____ participant who completes the four-week programme will receive a certificate of achievement.
Consistent effort is essential if you wish to (23)_____ a thriving garden over the long term. While the initial setup can feel overwhelming, many growers report that the (24)_____ obstacles of the first season quickly give way to confidence and creativity.

Vietnam’s Cultural Diversity Week 2025
Vietnam's Cultural Diversity Week 2025 has attracted a record (25)_____ of participating communities, making it the grandest edition in the event's history. Organizers expect it to be the most remarkable cultural (26)_____ the nation has ever seen.
The event's organizing committee, (27)_____ by the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism, has prepared an exciting lineup of activities, including folk music concerts, traditional craft exhibitions, and culinary showcases. Indigenous artisans are among the (28)_____ contributors to this year's programme, offering visitors a rare glimpse into centuries-old traditions.
Spanning from October 15th to October 22nd, the festival features over two hundred performances, (29)_____ are expected to attract both domestic and international audiences.
Over the past decade, Vietnam's Cultural Diversity Week has helped the country (30)_____ its role as a guardian of Southeast Asia's rich multicultural heritage.
(Adapted from https://www.vietnamculture.vn)

(31)____ Across both wealthy and developing nations, the growing gap between those who possess digital skills and those who do not, (32)____ is reshaping access to employment, education, and civic participation in profound ways. This unequal distribution of technological competence has led policymakers to question whether existing education systems are adequately equipping all members of society to thrive in an increasingly automated world.

The consequences of this divide, however, extend well beyond individual career prospects. Large segments of the population, particularly low-income households and communities in remote areas, (33)____ rather than being empowered to participate meaningfully in the digital economy. Such structural and financial barriers often prevent these individuals from developing even the most basic digital competencies needed for everyday life. (34)____. This growing disadvantage not only widens pre-existing socioeconomic gaps but also threatens the cohesion of communities that risk being left permanently behind. Bridging this divide demands sustained public investment in digital infrastructure, affordable access to devices and connectivity, and (35). Without a coordinated effort across government, industry, and civil society, the digital revolution risks deepening inequality rather than alleviating it.