George Simmel, one of pioneers in German sociology, __( 46 )__ a pioneer in urban sociology, suggesting that the increased concentration and diversity of people and ongoing activities in city puts urbanites under stress (a cognitive overload). This is considered the major __( 47 )__ of urban mentality-detachment from others, self-centeredness, and rational calculating mind. This understanding of urban life and urbanites are closely related to the understanding of modern society by Ferdinand Tonnies and Max Weber, two of Simmel's close contemporaries. Louis Wirth, a member of Chicago school, followed Simmel and wrote __( 48 )__ the most frequently-cited paper on urbanism "Urbanism as a way of life," in 1938. His writing on the urbanism on mentality and life style __( 49 )__ illustrative, compared to the definition of urbanism but among the suggested are relaxed moral restrains, increased participation in formal organization pursuing limited goals (as opposed to belonging to a community), increased role of mediated communication. Both are more or less in line of social atomism, the view that modern society disintegrates communities __( 50 )__ a group of individuals.