Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 42 to 48.
Many people see large urban cities as a wonder of human imagination and creativity. They represent how far the human population has come in terms of community development. Many positive things come from urbanization, but there are also negatives. This article will discuss and present data on the implications of urbanization on the physical health of humans living in these large urban areas.
As it would be expected, developing countries tend to see more negative physical health effects than modern countries in regard to urbanization. One example of a developing country experiencing these problems is China. China is a country that in the past 30–40 years went from being an agrarian based society to a significant industrialized country. This industrialization has in effect caused the need for more centralized cities, centralized meaning having lots of jobs and living spaces within a close proximity. This is what is known as urbanization. In most recent decades, since China's change to being more of an industrial based economy, the country has experienced record high numbers of people migrating within its borders. In effect, the number of cities with over 500,000 people has more than doubled. These migrations are typically of people from rural areas of China moving to the new urban areas. Due to this large influx in the urban population, there are many possibilities for health challenges among these people.
One very common and fairly obvious negative aspect of highly congested urban areas is air pollution. Air pollution is defined as any harmful substance being suspended in the air. This could include particulate matter, most commonly attributed to industrial plants and refineries waste, or chemicals like CO2 or Methane (which are also products of plants and refineries as well as cars and other modes of transportation). Due to a vast number of people in these urbanized cities, the air pollution is known to be very extreme. These conditions can lead to many different health problems such as: Asthma, cardiovascular problems or disease, and different types of cancer (most commonly lung cancer). When exposed to these conditions for a prolonged period of time, one can experience even more detrimental health effects like: the acceleration of aging, loss of lung capacity and health, being more susceptible to respiratory diseases, and a shortened life span.
Another way that urbanization affects the populations’ health is people’s change in diet. For instance, urban cities tend to have lots of accessible, quick, and easy to get food. This food is also more than likely not as high quality as well as contains a large amount of sodium and sugar. Because this food is so accessible, people tend to eat it more. This increase in consumption of low quality food can then lead to diabetes, hypertension, heart disease, obesity, or many other health conditions.
(Adapted from https://medium.com)
As it would be expected, developing countries tend to see more negative physical health effects than modern countries in regard to urbanization. One example of a developing country experiencing these problems is China. China is a country that in the past 30–40 years went from being an agrarian based society to a significant industrialized country. This industrialization has in effect caused the need for more centralized cities, centralized meaning having lots of jobs and living spaces within a close proximity. This is what is known as urbanization. In most recent decades, since China's change to being more of an industrial based economy, the country has experienced record high numbers of people migrating within its borders. In effect, the number of cities with over 500,000 people has more than doubled. These migrations are typically of people from rural areas of China moving to the new urban areas. Due to this large influx in the urban population, there are many possibilities for health challenges among these people.
One very common and fairly obvious negative aspect of highly congested urban areas is air pollution. Air pollution is defined as any harmful substance being suspended in the air. This could include particulate matter, most commonly attributed to industrial plants and refineries waste, or chemicals like CO2 or Methane (which are also products of plants and refineries as well as cars and other modes of transportation). Due to a vast number of people in these urbanized cities, the air pollution is known to be very extreme. These conditions can lead to many different health problems such as: Asthma, cardiovascular problems or disease, and different types of cancer (most commonly lung cancer). When exposed to these conditions for a prolonged period of time, one can experience even more detrimental health effects like: the acceleration of aging, loss of lung capacity and health, being more susceptible to respiratory diseases, and a shortened life span.
Another way that urbanization affects the populations’ health is people’s change in diet. For instance, urban cities tend to have lots of accessible, quick, and easy to get food. This food is also more than likely not as high quality as well as contains a large amount of sodium and sugar. Because this food is so accessible, people tend to eat it more. This increase in consumption of low quality food can then lead to diabetes, hypertension, heart disease, obesity, or many other health conditions.
(Adapted from https://medium.com)
What can be inferred from the passage?
What can be inferred from the passage?
Chọn một phương án bên dưới để kiểm tra đáp án ngay:
Đáp án chính thức: C
Hướng dẫn giải chi tiết
(AI giải đề cho tôi)
Câu hỏi suy luận từ bài đọc. Đoạn 2 nêu rõ: 'developing countries tend to see more negative physical health effects than modern countries in regard to urbanization' — các nước đang phát triển chịu tác động xấu về sức khỏe nhiều hơn các nước hiện đại (phát triển). Suy ra người ở các nước phát triển chịu ít tác hại sức khỏe từ đô thị hóa hơn người ở các nước đang phát triển → khớp đáp án C. Loại A: bài không nói quá tải dân số ở các nước công nghiệp hóa gây tác hại (ví dụ Trung Quốc là nước đang phát triển). Loại B: bài không so sánh lợi ích và tác hại để kết luận tác hại nhỏ hơn. Loại D: bài nói ngược lại — tiếp xúc lâu dài với ô nhiễm dẫn đến 'a shortened life span' (tuổi thọ ngắn đi). Đáp án khớp với bảng đáp án nguồn (43 = C).
Câu hỏi suy luận từ bài đọc. Đoạn 2 nêu rõ: 'developing countries tend to see more negative physical health effects than modern countries in regard to urbanization' — các nước đang phát triển chịu tác động xấu về sức khỏe nhiều hơn các nước hiện đại (phát triển). Suy ra người ở các nước phát triển chịu ít tác hại sức khỏe từ đô thị hóa hơn người ở các nước đang phát triển → khớp đáp án C. Loại A: bài không nói quá tải dân số ở các nước công nghiệp hóa gây tác hại (ví dụ Trung Quốc là nước đang phát triển). Loại B: bài không so sánh lợi ích và tác hại để kết luận tác hại nhỏ hơn. Loại D: bài nói ngược lại — tiếp xúc lâu dài với ô nhiễm dẫn đến 'a shortened life span' (tuổi thọ ngắn đi). Đáp án khớp với bảng đáp án nguồn (43 = C).