Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.
There are many theories of aging, but virtually all fall into the category of being hypotheses with a minimum of supporting evidence. One viewpoint is that aging occurs as the body's organ systems become less efficient. Thus failures in the immune system, hormonal system, and nervous system could all produce characteristics that we associate with aging. Following a different vein, many current researchers are looking for evidence at the cellular and sub cellular level.
It has been shown that cells such as human fibroblasts (generalized tissue cells) grown in culture divide only a limited number of times and then die. (Only cancer cells seem immortal in this respect). Fibroblast cells from an embryo divide more times than those taken from an adult. Thus some researchers believe that aging occurs at the cellular level and is part of the cell's genetic makeup. Any event that disturbs the cell's genetic machinery such as mutation, damaging chemicals in the cell's environment, or loss of genetic material, could cause cells to lose their ability to divide and thus bring on aging. Other theories of aging look at different processes. Chronological aging refers to the passage of time since birth and is usually measured in years. While chronological age can be useful in estimating the average status of a large group of people, it is a poor indicator of an individual person's status because there is a tremendous amount of variation from one individual to the next in regard to the rate at which biological age changes occur. For example, on the average, aging results in people losing much of their ability to perform strenuous activities, yet some elderly individuals are excellent marathon runners.
Another type of aging is cosmetic aging, which consists of changes in outward appearance with advancing age. This includes changes in the body and changes in other aspects of a person's appearance, such as the style of hair and clothing, the type of eyeglasses, and the use of a hearing aid. Like chronological aging, it is frequently used to estimate the degree to which other types of aging have occurred. However, it is an inaccurate indicator for either purpose because of variation among individuals and because a person's appearance is affected by many factors that are not part of aging, including illness, poor nutrition, and exposure to sunlight
It has been shown that cells such as human fibroblasts (generalized tissue cells) grown in culture divide only a limited number of times and then die. (Only cancer cells seem immortal in this respect). Fibroblast cells from an embryo divide more times than those taken from an adult. Thus some researchers believe that aging occurs at the cellular level and is part of the cell's genetic makeup. Any event that disturbs the cell's genetic machinery such as mutation, damaging chemicals in the cell's environment, or loss of genetic material, could cause cells to lose their ability to divide and thus bring on aging. Other theories of aging look at different processes. Chronological aging refers to the passage of time since birth and is usually measured in years. While chronological age can be useful in estimating the average status of a large group of people, it is a poor indicator of an individual person's status because there is a tremendous amount of variation from one individual to the next in regard to the rate at which biological age changes occur. For example, on the average, aging results in people losing much of their ability to perform strenuous activities, yet some elderly individuals are excellent marathon runners.
Another type of aging is cosmetic aging, which consists of changes in outward appearance with advancing age. This includes changes in the body and changes in other aspects of a person's appearance, such as the style of hair and clothing, the type of eyeglasses, and the use of a hearing aid. Like chronological aging, it is frequently used to estimate the degree to which other types of aging have occurred. However, it is an inaccurate indicator for either purpose because of variation among individuals and because a person's appearance is affected by many factors that are not part of aging, including illness, poor nutrition, and exposure to sunlight
What is the best title for this passage?
What is the best title for this passage?
Chọn một phương án bên dưới để kiểm tra đáp án ngay:
Đáp án chính thức: D
Hướng dẫn giải chi tiết
(AI giải đề cho tôi)
Câu hỏi yêu cầu chọn tiêu đề phù hợp nhất cho đoạn văn. Câu mở đầu nêu rõ: 'There are many theories of aging, but virtually all fall into the category of being hypotheses with a minimum of supporting evidence' (Có nhiều thuyết về lão hóa, nhưng hầu như tất cả đều là giả thuyết với bằng chứng ủng hộ tối thiểu). Toàn bài trình bày các thuyết khác nhau (lão hóa ở mức cơ quan, mức tế bào, lão hóa theo thời gian, lão hóa thẩm mỹ) nhưng đều nhấn mạnh chúng là các giả thuyết thiếu bằng chứng chứng minh. Do đó tiêu đề 'Theories of Aging: Poorly Supported Hypotheses' là chính xác nhất. Loại trừ: A chỉ bao gồm một phần nội dung, không phản ánh ý chính về tính chất giả thuyết thiếu bằng chứng; B sai vì bài không tập trung vào các đặc điểm nổi bật của lão hóa; C sai vì bài nói rõ các thuyết này KHÔNG được chứng minh tốt (well proven trái ngược nội dung bài). Đáp án khớp với đáp án nguồn: D (được tô vàng trên trang 5).
Câu hỏi yêu cầu chọn tiêu đề phù hợp nhất cho đoạn văn. Câu mở đầu nêu rõ: 'There are many theories of aging, but virtually all fall into the category of being hypotheses with a minimum of supporting evidence' (Có nhiều thuyết về lão hóa, nhưng hầu như tất cả đều là giả thuyết với bằng chứng ủng hộ tối thiểu). Toàn bài trình bày các thuyết khác nhau (lão hóa ở mức cơ quan, mức tế bào, lão hóa theo thời gian, lão hóa thẩm mỹ) nhưng đều nhấn mạnh chúng là các giả thuyết thiếu bằng chứng chứng minh. Do đó tiêu đề 'Theories of Aging: Poorly Supported Hypotheses' là chính xác nhất. Loại trừ: A chỉ bao gồm một phần nội dung, không phản ánh ý chính về tính chất giả thuyết thiếu bằng chứng; B sai vì bài không tập trung vào các đặc điểm nổi bật của lão hóa; C sai vì bài nói rõ các thuyết này KHÔNG được chứng minh tốt (well proven trái ngược nội dung bài). Đáp án khớp với đáp án nguồn: D (được tô vàng trên trang 5).