Đề Thi Chính Thức Môn Tiếng Anh THPT Quốc Gia 2025 - Đề 1102 - Có Đáp Án & Lời Giải Chi Tiết

Đề Thi Chính Thức Môn Tiếng Anh THPT Quốc Gia 2025 - Đề 1102 gồm 40 câu hỏi trắc nghiệm bám sát cấu trúc đề thi THPT. Có đáp án và lời giải chi tiết từng câu, bấm gi

Danh sách 40 câu hỏi trong Đề Thi Chính Thức Môn Tiếng Anh THPT Quốc Gia 2025 - Đề 1102

  1. Câu 1: The word settle in paragraph 1 mostly means .
  2. Câu 2: Which of the following is NOT mentioned in paragraph 1 as information displayed on a live, shared picture?
  3. Câu 3: The word their in paragraph 2 refers to .
  4. Câu 4: Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 2?
  5. Câu 5: The word slashing in paragraph 3 is OPPOSITE in meaning to .
  6. Câu 6: Which of the following is TRUE according to paragraph 4?
  7. Câu 7: Which paragraph mentions approaches to different weather patterns?
  8. Câu 8: Which paragraph mentions real-time tracking of produce?
  9. Câu 1: With ten teams worldwide, DIFF 2025 features the largest (9) of participating teams in its history.
  10. Câu 2: DIFF 2025 features the most thrilling (10) so far.
  11. Câu 3: Z121 Vina Pyrotech, a company (11) by Vietnam Ministry of National Defence, is a newcomer this year.
  12. Câu 4: It is among the (12) candidates to win the championship.
  13. Câu 5: DIFF 2025 promises a series of spectacular fireworks displays, (13) is hoped to bring spectators a world-class entertainment experience.
  14. Câu 6: Over the past twelve years, the Da Nang International Fireworks Festival has helped the city (14) the reputation as "The City of Fireworks".
  15. Câu 1: I had to burn the midnight oil to make engaging lesson plans, expecting to capture my students' attention.
  16. Câu 2: Do you still read newspapers?
  17. Câu 3: It's getting late. Would you like me to give you a lift home?
  18. Câu 4: Dear Ms Smith, This has been pre-approved, but you need to have this letter and your identification card produced at the nearest branch to apply.
  19. Câu 5: The developments demonstrate a clear modernisation of the city of Paragon, transforming it from a primarily residential locality into a more diverse and economically vibrant area.
  20. Câu 6: According to paragraph 1, having products claimed as eco-friendly rather than conducting meaningful decarbonisation will .
  21. Câu 7: The word manipulated in paragraph 2 mostly means .
  22. Câu 8: Which of the following best summarises paragraph 2?
  23. Câu 9: What causes corporate boards to adopt greenwashing?
  24. Câu 10: What challenge do regulators face in monitoring greenwashing claims?
  25. Câu 11: The phrase the practice in paragraph 3 refers to .
  26. Câu 12: Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 4?
  27. Câu 13: Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?
  28. Câu 14: Where in the passage does the following sentence best-fit? Yet greenwashing is arguably more insidious.
  29. Câu 15: Which of the following best summarises the passage?
  30. Câu 1: Managing your finances properly is essential for a stable and secure life. (30) , many people struggle with budgeting and saving and give up their financial plans sooner or later,
  31. Câu 2: eventually leading (31) overspending and financial stress.
  32. Câu 3: Have a bank account with an increasing amount of savings (32) month by setting realistic financial goals.
  33. Câu 4: Buy (33) within your price range.
  34. Câu 5: Track your spending carefully to avoid (34) expenditure on unnecessary purchases.
  35. Câu 6: Prioritise things that bring you lasting happiness and financial security to get your money's (35) !
  36. Câu 1: Some people undertake a process of extensive problem solving, in which information is sought about a series of products, (36) .
  37. Câu 2: Other consumers with no patience to explore a variety of choices (37) , for the sake of their convenience rather than trying to guarantee that they buy the best possible product.
  38. Câu 3: Also, some holidaymakers who have been content with a particular company or destination in the past may opt for the same experience again.
  39. Câu 4: Finally, some consumers will buy on impulse.
  40. Câu 5: Such impulse purchasing proves to be a valuable trait, though.

Đề Thi Chính Thức Môn Tiếng Anh THPT Quốc Gia 2025 - Đề 1102

Đề Thi Chính Thức Môn Tiếng Anh THPT Quốc Gia 2025 - Đề 1102 gồm 40 câu hỏi trắc nghiệm bám sát cấu trúc đề thi THPT. Có đáp án và lời giải chi tiết từng câu, bấm gi

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Tên đề thiĐề Thi Chính Thức Môn Tiếng Anh THPT Quốc Gia 2025 - Đề 1102
Cấu trúc & Thời lượng40 câu hỏi • Thời gian làm bài 50 phút • Thang điểm 10
Phân loại & Nguồn đềCấu trúc mới 2025 • Thi thử TN THPT • Lớp 12
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Nội dung câu hỏi trong đề thi (40 câu)

Xem trước nội dung đề thi. Bấm “Bắt đầu làm bài” để tính giờ, chọn đáp án và xem lời giải chi tiết từng câu.

When several farmers merge plots into a single "project farm", they use digital tools to make that teamwork far more effective. GPS mapping, drones, and in-field sensors build a live, shared picture of soil types, weather shifts, and plant growth. Because everyone works on the same data, the team can settle seeding dates, determine when to spray, and track machinery in real time. What once depended on guesswork is now driven by verifiable information.

With GPS technology, farmers can accurately map out their fields and create customised planting plans. Seeding machines change their rate on the fly, drones spray pests on targeted zones, and smart spreaders apply fertiliser only where data shows a need. Because inputs go exactly where they help, fields yield more while chemical runoff falls. Trials report considerable savings on seed, fuel, and sprays – benefits the partners split at the season's end.

Water management is just as precise. Specialised equipment tracks moisture every hour, and forecast apps predict rain, wind, or heatwaves. Automated pumps deliver measured water amounts to thirsty zones and stop when a storm is coming, slashing waste and energy bills. The result is steadier yields in dry years, fewer nutrients washed away, and a smaller water footprint for the whole partnership. Smart irrigation also helps limit weed growth, reducing herbicide use.

The journey from field to market is equally digital. Cloud platforms record harvest weights, storage temperatures, and shipment times the moment they change, while blockchain records freeze each entry so customers can rely on it. Analytic tools browse the records to indicate weak points in the procedure, forecast prices, and suggest better planting plans for the next season to project partners. This makes project farming both profitable and sustainable.
The word settle in paragraph 1 mostly means ______.
A.
exchange
B.
announce
C.
expect
D.
decide
When several farmers merge plots into a single "project farm", they use digital tools to make that teamwork far more effective. GPS mapping, drones, and in-field sensors build a live, shared picture of soil types, weather shifts, and plant growth. Because everyone works on the same data, the team can settle seeding dates, determine when to spray, and track machinery in real time. What once depended on guesswork is now driven by verifiable information.

With GPS technology, farmers can accurately map out their fields and create customised planting plans. Seeding machines change their rate on the fly, drones spray pests on targeted zones, and smart spreaders apply fertiliser only where data shows a need. Because inputs go exactly where they help, fields yield more while chemical runoff falls. Trials report considerable savings on seed, fuel, and sprays – benefits the partners split at the season's end.

Water management is just as precise. Specialised equipment tracks moisture every hour, and forecast apps predict rain, wind, or heatwaves. Automated pumps deliver measured water amounts to thirsty zones and stop when a storm is coming, slashing waste and energy bills. The result is steadier yields in dry years, fewer nutrients washed away, and a smaller water footprint for the whole partnership. Smart irrigation also helps limit weed growth, reducing herbicide use.

The journey from field to market is equally digital. Cloud platforms record harvest weights, storage temperatures, and shipment times the moment they change, while blockchain records freeze each entry so customers can rely on it. Analytic tools browse the records to indicate weak points in the procedure, forecast prices, and suggest better planting plans for the next season to project partners. This makes project farming both profitable and sustainable.
Which of the following is NOT mentioned in paragraph 1 as information displayed on a live, shared picture?
A.
weather shifts
B.
soil types
C.
plant growth
D.
drones
When several farmers merge plots into a single "project farm", they use digital tools to make that teamwork far more effective. GPS mapping, drones, and in-field sensors build a live, shared picture of soil types, weather shifts, and plant growth. Because everyone works on the same data, the team can settle seeding dates, determine when to spray, and track machinery in real time. What once depended on guesswork is now driven by verifiable information.

With GPS technology, farmers can accurately map out their fields and create customised planting plans. Seeding machines change their rate on the fly, drones spray pests on targeted zones, and smart spreaders apply fertiliser only where data shows a need. Because inputs go exactly where they help, fields yield more while chemical runoff falls. Trials report considerable savings on seed, fuel, and sprays – benefits the partners split at the season's end.

Water management is just as precise. Specialised equipment tracks moisture every hour, and forecast apps predict rain, wind, or heatwaves. Automated pumps deliver measured water amounts to thirsty zones and stop when a storm is coming, slashing waste and energy bills. The result is steadier yields in dry years, fewer nutrients washed away, and a smaller water footprint for the whole partnership. Smart irrigation also helps limit weed growth, reducing herbicide use.

The journey from field to market is equally digital. Cloud platforms record harvest weights, storage temperatures, and shipment times the moment they change, while blockchain records freeze each entry so customers can rely on it. Analytic tools browse the records to indicate weak points in the procedure, forecast prices, and suggest better planting plans for the next season to project partners. This makes project farming both profitable and sustainable.
The word their in paragraph 2 refers to ______.
A.
fields
B.
planting plans
C.
farmers
D.
Seeding machines
When several farmers merge plots into a single "project farm", they use digital tools to make that teamwork far more effective. GPS mapping, drones, and in-field sensors build a live, shared picture of soil types, weather shifts, and plant growth. Because everyone works on the same data, the team can settle seeding dates, determine when to spray, and track machinery in real time. What once depended on guesswork is now driven by verifiable information.

With GPS technology, farmers can accurately map out their fields and create customised planting plans. Seeding machines change their rate on the fly, drones spray pests on targeted zones, and smart spreaders apply fertiliser only where data shows a need. Because inputs go exactly where they help, fields yield more while chemical runoff falls. Trials report considerable savings on seed, fuel, and sprays – benefits the partners split at the season's end.

Water management is just as precise. Specialised equipment tracks moisture every hour, and forecast apps predict rain, wind, or heatwaves. Automated pumps deliver measured water amounts to thirsty zones and stop when a storm is coming, slashing waste and energy bills. The result is steadier yields in dry years, fewer nutrients washed away, and a smaller water footprint for the whole partnership. Smart irrigation also helps limit weed growth, reducing herbicide use.

The journey from field to market is equally digital. Cloud platforms record harvest weights, storage temperatures, and shipment times the moment they change, while blockchain records freeze each entry so customers can rely on it. Analytic tools browse the records to indicate weak points in the procedure, forecast prices, and suggest better planting plans for the next season to project partners. This makes project farming both profitable and sustainable.
Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 2?
A.
As resources are directed to the areas that need them, harvests increase and pollution from excess chemicals declines.
B.
When chemicals are placed only where they are needed, productivity increases yet more overdue chemicals are released.
C.
Precise application of fertilisers and sprays to required areas raises crop output but in turn increases chemical wastage.
D.
There is an increase in chemical wastage and crop output though fewer resources are used for the indicated land area.
When several farmers merge plots into a single "project farm", they use digital tools to make that teamwork far more effective. GPS mapping, drones, and in-field sensors build a live, shared picture of soil types, weather shifts, and plant growth. Because everyone works on the same data, the team can settle seeding dates, determine when to spray, and track machinery in real time. What once depended on guesswork is now driven by verifiable information.

With GPS technology, farmers can accurately map out their fields and create customised planting plans. Seeding machines change their rate on the fly, drones spray pests on targeted zones, and smart spreaders apply fertiliser only where data shows a need. Because inputs go exactly where they help, fields yield more while chemical runoff falls. Trials report considerable savings on seed, fuel, and sprays – benefits the partners split at the season's end.

Water management is just as precise. Specialised equipment tracks moisture every hour, and forecast apps predict rain, wind, or heatwaves. Automated pumps deliver measured water amounts to thirsty zones and stop when a storm is coming, slashing waste and energy bills. The result is steadier yields in dry years, fewer nutrients washed away, and a smaller water footprint for the whole partnership. Smart irrigation also helps limit weed growth, reducing herbicide use.

The journey from field to market is equally digital. Cloud platforms record harvest weights, storage temperatures, and shipment times the moment they change, while blockchain records freeze each entry so customers can rely on it. Analytic tools browse the records to indicate weak points in the procedure, forecast prices, and suggest better planting plans for the next season to project partners. This makes project farming both profitable and sustainable.
The word slashing in paragraph 3 is OPPOSITE in meaning to ______.
A.
disposing
B.
converting
C.
increasing
D.
reducing
Xem đầy đủ toàn bộ 35 câu hỏi tiếp theo (Câu 6 – Câu 40)
When several farmers merge plots into a single "project farm", they use digital tools to make that teamwork far more effective. GPS mapping, drones, and in-field sensors build a live, shared picture of soil types, weather shifts, and plant growth. Because everyone works on the same data, the team can settle seeding dates, determine when to spray, and track machinery in real time. What once depended on guesswork is now driven by verifiable information.

With GPS technology, farmers can accurately map out their fields and create customised planting plans. Seeding machines change their rate on the fly, drones spray pests on targeted zones, and smart spreaders apply fertiliser only where data shows a need. Because inputs go exactly where they help, fields yield more while chemical runoff falls. Trials report considerable savings on seed, fuel, and sprays – benefits the partners split at the season's end.

Water management is just as precise. Specialised equipment tracks moisture every hour, and forecast apps predict rain, wind, or heatwaves. Automated pumps deliver measured water amounts to thirsty zones and stop when a storm is coming, slashing waste and energy bills. The result is steadier yields in dry years, fewer nutrients washed away, and a smaller water footprint for the whole partnership. Smart irrigation also helps limit weed growth, reducing herbicide use.

The journey from field to market is equally digital. Cloud platforms record harvest weights, storage temperatures, and shipment times the moment they change, while blockchain records freeze each entry so customers can rely on it. Analytic tools browse the records to indicate weak points in the procedure, forecast prices, and suggest better planting plans for the next season to project partners. This makes project farming both profitable and sustainable.
Which of the following is TRUE according to paragraph 4?
A.
Buyers have little reliable information on harvest weights and storage temperatures.
B.
Farmers regard cloud platforms the best tools to improve the quality of their crops.
C.
Project partners are unable to forecast prices of crops in the following season.
D.
Analytic tools offer suggestions for better planting plans for the following season.
When several farmers merge plots into a single "project farm", they use digital tools to make that teamwork far more effective. GPS mapping, drones, and in-field sensors build a live, shared picture of soil types, weather shifts, and plant growth. Because everyone works on the same data, the team can settle seeding dates, determine when to spray, and track machinery in real time. What once depended on guesswork is now driven by verifiable information.

With GPS technology, farmers can accurately map out their fields and create customised planting plans. Seeding machines change their rate on the fly, drones spray pests on targeted zones, and smart spreaders apply fertiliser only where data shows a need. Because inputs go exactly where they help, fields yield more while chemical runoff falls. Trials report considerable savings on seed, fuel, and sprays – benefits the partners split at the season's end.

Water management is just as precise. Specialised equipment tracks moisture every hour, and forecast apps predict rain, wind, or heatwaves. Automated pumps deliver measured water amounts to thirsty zones and stop when a storm is coming, slashing waste and energy bills. The result is steadier yields in dry years, fewer nutrients washed away, and a smaller water footprint for the whole partnership. Smart irrigation also helps limit weed growth, reducing herbicide use.

The journey from field to market is equally digital. Cloud platforms record harvest weights, storage temperatures, and shipment times the moment they change, while blockchain records freeze each entry so customers can rely on it. Analytic tools browse the records to indicate weak points in the procedure, forecast prices, and suggest better planting plans for the next season to project partners. This makes project farming both profitable and sustainable.
Which paragraph mentions approaches to different weather patterns?
A.
Paragraph 2
B.
Paragraph 3
C.
Paragraph 4
D.
Paragraph 1
When several farmers merge plots into a single "project farm", they use digital tools to make that teamwork far more effective. GPS mapping, drones, and in-field sensors build a live, shared picture of soil types, weather shifts, and plant growth. Because everyone works on the same data, the team can settle seeding dates, determine when to spray, and track machinery in real time. What once depended on guesswork is now driven by verifiable information.

With GPS technology, farmers can accurately map out their fields and create customised planting plans. Seeding machines change their rate on the fly, drones spray pests on targeted zones, and smart spreaders apply fertiliser only where data shows a need. Because inputs go exactly where they help, fields yield more while chemical runoff falls. Trials report considerable savings on seed, fuel, and sprays – benefits the partners split at the season's end.

Water management is just as precise. Specialised equipment tracks moisture every hour, and forecast apps predict rain, wind, or heatwaves. Automated pumps deliver measured water amounts to thirsty zones and stop when a storm is coming, slashing waste and energy bills. The result is steadier yields in dry years, fewer nutrients washed away, and a smaller water footprint for the whole partnership. Smart irrigation also helps limit weed growth, reducing herbicide use.

The journey from field to market is equally digital. Cloud platforms record harvest weights, storage temperatures, and shipment times the moment they change, while blockchain records freeze each entry so customers can rely on it. Analytic tools browse the records to indicate weak points in the procedure, forecast prices, and suggest better planting plans for the next season to project partners. This makes project farming both profitable and sustainable.
Which paragraph mentions real-time tracking of produce?
A.
Paragraph 2
B.
Paragraph 1
C.
Paragraph 4
D.
Paragraph 3
With ten teams worldwide, DIFF 2025 features the largest (9) ______ of participating teams in its history, and is predicted to be the most thrilling (10) ______ so far. Z121 Vina Pyrotech, a company (11) ______ by Vietnam Ministry of National Defence, is a newcomer this year. With thirty years of experience in fireworks, Z121 Vina Pyrotech is expected to deliver a breathtaking performance. It is among the (12) ______ candidates to win the championship. From May 31st to July 12th, DIFF 2025 promises a series of spectacular fireworks displays, (13) ______ is hoped to bring spectators a world-class entertainment experience. Over the past twelve years, the Da Nang International Fireworks Festival has helped the city (14) ______ the reputation as "The City of Fireworks" and become an attractive tourist destination.
With ten teams worldwide, DIFF 2025 features the largest (9) ______ of participating teams in its history.
A.
volume
B.
amount
C.
number
D.
level
With ten teams worldwide, DIFF 2025 features the largest (9) ______ of participating teams in its history, and is predicted to be the most thrilling (10) ______ so far. Z121 Vina Pyrotech, a company (11) ______ by Vietnam Ministry of National Defence, is a newcomer this year. With thirty years of experience in fireworks, Z121 Vina Pyrotech is expected to deliver a breathtaking performance. It is among the (12) ______ candidates to win the championship. From May 31st to July 12th, DIFF 2025 promises a series of spectacular fireworks displays, (13) ______ is hoped to bring spectators a world-class entertainment experience. Over the past twelve years, the Da Nang International Fireworks Festival has helped the city (14) ______ the reputation as "The City of Fireworks" and become an attractive tourist destination.
DIFF 2025 features the most thrilling (10) ______ so far.
A.
competition
B.
competitive
C.
compete
D.
competitively
With ten teams worldwide, DIFF 2025 features the largest (9) ______ of participating teams in its history, and is predicted to be the most thrilling (10) ______ so far. Z121 Vina Pyrotech, a company (11) ______ by Vietnam Ministry of National Defence, is a newcomer this year. With thirty years of experience in fireworks, Z121 Vina Pyrotech is expected to deliver a breathtaking performance. It is among the (12) ______ candidates to win the championship. From May 31st to July 12th, DIFF 2025 promises a series of spectacular fireworks displays, (13) ______ is hoped to bring spectators a world-class entertainment experience. Over the past twelve years, the Da Nang International Fireworks Festival has helped the city (14) ______ the reputation as "The City of Fireworks" and become an attractive tourist destination.
Z121 Vina Pyrotech, a company (11) ______ by Vietnam Ministry of National Defence, is a newcomer this year.
A.
managed
B.
managing
C.
has managed
D.
is managing
With ten teams worldwide, DIFF 2025 features the largest (9) ______ of participating teams in its history, and is predicted to be the most thrilling (10) ______ so far. Z121 Vina Pyrotech, a company (11) ______ by Vietnam Ministry of National Defence, is a newcomer this year. With thirty years of experience in fireworks, Z121 Vina Pyrotech is expected to deliver a breathtaking performance. It is among the (12) ______ candidates to win the championship. From May 31st to July 12th, DIFF 2025 promises a series of spectacular fireworks displays, (13) ______ is hoped to bring spectators a world-class entertainment experience. Over the past twelve years, the Da Nang International Fireworks Festival has helped the city (14) ______ the reputation as "The City of Fireworks" and become an attractive tourist destination.
It is among the (12) ______ candidates to win the championship.
A.
top
B.
quick
C.
high
D.
smart
With ten teams worldwide, DIFF 2025 features the largest (9) ______ of participating teams in its history, and is predicted to be the most thrilling (10) ______ so far. Z121 Vina Pyrotech, a company (11) ______ by Vietnam Ministry of National Defence, is a newcomer this year. With thirty years of experience in fireworks, Z121 Vina Pyrotech is expected to deliver a breathtaking performance. It is among the (12) ______ candidates to win the championship. From May 31st to July 12th, DIFF 2025 promises a series of spectacular fireworks displays, (13) ______ is hoped to bring spectators a world-class entertainment experience. Over the past twelve years, the Da Nang International Fireworks Festival has helped the city (14) ______ the reputation as "The City of Fireworks" and become an attractive tourist destination.
DIFF 2025 promises a series of spectacular fireworks displays, (13) ______ is hoped to bring spectators a world-class entertainment experience.
A.
who
B.
which
C.
when
D.
why
With ten teams worldwide, DIFF 2025 features the largest (9) ______ of participating teams in its history, and is predicted to be the most thrilling (10) ______ so far. Z121 Vina Pyrotech, a company (11) ______ by Vietnam Ministry of National Defence, is a newcomer this year. With thirty years of experience in fireworks, Z121 Vina Pyrotech is expected to deliver a breathtaking performance. It is among the (12) ______ candidates to win the championship. From May 31st to July 12th, DIFF 2025 promises a series of spectacular fireworks displays, (13) ______ is hoped to bring spectators a world-class entertainment experience. Over the past twelve years, the Da Nang International Fireworks Festival has helped the city (14) ______ the reputation as "The City of Fireworks" and become an attractive tourist destination.
Over the past twelve years, the Da Nang International Fireworks Festival has helped the city (14) ______ the reputation as "The City of Fireworks".
A.
build up
B.
go up
C.
come up
D.
look up
We seem to be entering a boom era for greenwashing – the tactic of covering routine pollution in eco-friendly language. Picture running a high-emitting corporation: meaningful decarbonisation would demand painful negotiations, huge capital outlays, and a full redesign of the business model. Hiring an expert agency to splash "carbon-neutral" or "net-zero" across products is far easier, buying time while emissions remain untouched. Consumers meet this sleight of hand everywhere. Airlines sell "carbon-neutral" flights, filling stations boast about "net-zero" fuel, and breakfast bacon is re-labelled as planet-safe. Advertising spin is old, yet today it is manipulated to conceal ongoing environmental damage. Social media influencers and glossy sustainability reports amplify these claims, broadcasting the narrative far beyond traditional marketing channels. The term greenwashing emerged in the 1980s, an era of oil spills and growing climate science, but the practice has exploded only recently. Intensifying public anxiety over global heating and ecosystem collapse has placed companies under sharp scrutiny; many boards therefore choose eye-catching PR over the tougher route of restructuring supply chains, energy sources, and product lines. Regulators on both sides of the Atlantic are struggling to police false eco-claims, yet enforcement still lags behind corporate ingenuity. Investors, eager to protect short-term returns, frequently applaud these surface-level initiatives, reinforcing the cycle. No sector illustrates the issue better than oil and gas. Having realised that denying climate science now backfires, the industry has swapped denial for "green" paint. Press releases trumpet potential renewable ventures while drilling plans expand unabated. Why does this matter? Greenwashing and climate denial share a core objective: to postpone the deep emission cuts claimed by scientists as urgent this decade. Whereas denial disputes the crisis, greenwashing misleads the public into believing problems are solved, thereby eroding consumer advocacy of genuine environmental actions and stalling regulatory reforms. In effect, it acts as a soothing lullaby, guiding society ever closer to ecological breakdown while fostering a false sense of progress. Exposing the facade – and insisting on verifiable, measurable carbon reductions – is essential if rhetoric is to give way to real action.
I had to burn the midnight oil to make engaging lesson plans, expecting to capture my students' attention.
A.
c - b - e - a – d
B.
c - a - e - d – b
C.
d - a - b - e – c
D.
d - b - e - c - a
We seem to be entering a boom era for greenwashing – the tactic of covering routine pollution in eco-friendly language. Picture running a high-emitting corporation: meaningful decarbonisation would demand painful negotiations, huge capital outlays, and a full redesign of the business model. Hiring an expert agency to splash "carbon-neutral" or "net-zero" across products is far easier, buying time while emissions remain untouched. Consumers meet this sleight of hand everywhere. Airlines sell "carbon-neutral" flights, filling stations boast about "net-zero" fuel, and breakfast bacon is re-labelled as planet-safe. Advertising spin is old, yet today it is manipulated to conceal ongoing environmental damage. Social media influencers and glossy sustainability reports amplify these claims, broadcasting the narrative far beyond traditional marketing channels. The term greenwashing emerged in the 1980s, an era of oil spills and growing climate science, but the practice has exploded only recently. Intensifying public anxiety over global heating and ecosystem collapse has placed companies under sharp scrutiny; many boards therefore choose eye-catching PR over the tougher route of restructuring supply chains, energy sources, and product lines. Regulators on both sides of the Atlantic are struggling to police false eco-claims, yet enforcement still lags behind corporate ingenuity. Investors, eager to protect short-term returns, frequently applaud these surface-level initiatives, reinforcing the cycle. No sector illustrates the issue better than oil and gas. Having realised that denying climate science now backfires, the industry has swapped denial for "green" paint. Press releases trumpet potential renewable ventures while drilling plans expand unabated. Why does this matter? Greenwashing and climate denial share a core objective: to postpone the deep emission cuts claimed by scientists as urgent this decade. Whereas denial disputes the crisis, greenwashing misleads the public into believing problems are solved, thereby eroding consumer advocacy of genuine environmental actions and stalling regulatory reforms. In effect, it acts as a soothing lullaby, guiding society ever closer to ecological breakdown while fostering a false sense of progress. Exposing the facade – and insisting on verifiable, measurable carbon reductions – is essential if rhetoric is to give way to real action.
Do you still read newspapers?
A.
d - a - c - e – b
B.
c - a - b - e – d
C.
d - e - b - a – c
D.
c - e - d - a - b
We seem to be entering a boom era for greenwashing – the tactic of covering routine pollution in eco-friendly language. Picture running a high-emitting corporation: meaningful decarbonisation would demand painful negotiations, huge capital outlays, and a full redesign of the business model. Hiring an expert agency to splash "carbon-neutral" or "net-zero" across products is far easier, buying time while emissions remain untouched. Consumers meet this sleight of hand everywhere. Airlines sell "carbon-neutral" flights, filling stations boast about "net-zero" fuel, and breakfast bacon is re-labelled as planet-safe. Advertising spin is old, yet today it is manipulated to conceal ongoing environmental damage. Social media influencers and glossy sustainability reports amplify these claims, broadcasting the narrative far beyond traditional marketing channels. The term greenwashing emerged in the 1980s, an era of oil spills and growing climate science, but the practice has exploded only recently. Intensifying public anxiety over global heating and ecosystem collapse has placed companies under sharp scrutiny; many boards therefore choose eye-catching PR over the tougher route of restructuring supply chains, energy sources, and product lines. Regulators on both sides of the Atlantic are struggling to police false eco-claims, yet enforcement still lags behind corporate ingenuity. Investors, eager to protect short-term returns, frequently applaud these surface-level initiatives, reinforcing the cycle. No sector illustrates the issue better than oil and gas. Having realised that denying climate science now backfires, the industry has swapped denial for "green" paint. Press releases trumpet potential renewable ventures while drilling plans expand unabated. Why does this matter? Greenwashing and climate denial share a core objective: to postpone the deep emission cuts claimed by scientists as urgent this decade. Whereas denial disputes the crisis, greenwashing misleads the public into believing problems are solved, thereby eroding consumer advocacy of genuine environmental actions and stalling regulatory reforms. In effect, it acts as a soothing lullaby, guiding society ever closer to ecological breakdown while fostering a false sense of progress. Exposing the facade – and insisting on verifiable, measurable carbon reductions – is essential if rhetoric is to give way to real action.
It's getting late. Would you like me to give you a lift home?
A.
a - b – c
B.
b - a – c
C.
b - c – a
D.
a - c - b
We seem to be entering a boom era for greenwashing – the tactic of covering routine pollution in eco-friendly language. Picture running a high-emitting corporation: meaningful decarbonisation would demand painful negotiations, huge capital outlays, and a full redesign of the business model. Hiring an expert agency to splash "carbon-neutral" or "net-zero" across products is far easier, buying time while emissions remain untouched. Consumers meet this sleight of hand everywhere. Airlines sell "carbon-neutral" flights, filling stations boast about "net-zero" fuel, and breakfast bacon is re-labelled as planet-safe. Advertising spin is old, yet today it is manipulated to conceal ongoing environmental damage. Social media influencers and glossy sustainability reports amplify these claims, broadcasting the narrative far beyond traditional marketing channels. The term greenwashing emerged in the 1980s, an era of oil spills and growing climate science, but the practice has exploded only recently. Intensifying public anxiety over global heating and ecosystem collapse has placed companies under sharp scrutiny; many boards therefore choose eye-catching PR over the tougher route of restructuring supply chains, energy sources, and product lines. Regulators on both sides of the Atlantic are struggling to police false eco-claims, yet enforcement still lags behind corporate ingenuity. Investors, eager to protect short-term returns, frequently applaud these surface-level initiatives, reinforcing the cycle. No sector illustrates the issue better than oil and gas. Having realised that denying climate science now backfires, the industry has swapped denial for "green" paint. Press releases trumpet potential renewable ventures while drilling plans expand unabated. Why does this matter? Greenwashing and climate denial share a core objective: to postpone the deep emission cuts claimed by scientists as urgent this decade. Whereas denial disputes the crisis, greenwashing misleads the public into believing problems are solved, thereby eroding consumer advocacy of genuine environmental actions and stalling regulatory reforms. In effect, it acts as a soothing lullaby, guiding society ever closer to ecological breakdown while fostering a false sense of progress. Exposing the facade – and insisting on verifiable, measurable carbon reductions – is essential if rhetoric is to give way to real action.
Dear Ms Smith,

This has been pre-approved, but you need to have this letter and your identification card produced at the nearest branch to apply.
A.
b - d - a - c – e
B.
a - c - d - b – e
C.
d - a - c - b – e
D.
c - a - d - b - e
We seem to be entering a boom era for greenwashing – the tactic of covering routine pollution in eco-friendly language. Picture running a high-emitting corporation: meaningful decarbonisation would demand painful negotiations, huge capital outlays, and a full redesign of the business model. Hiring an expert agency to splash "carbon-neutral" or "net-zero" across products is far easier, buying time while emissions remain untouched. Consumers meet this sleight of hand everywhere. Airlines sell "carbon-neutral" flights, filling stations boast about "net-zero" fuel, and breakfast bacon is re-labelled as planet-safe. Advertising spin is old, yet today it is manipulated to conceal ongoing environmental damage. Social media influencers and glossy sustainability reports amplify these claims, broadcasting the narrative far beyond traditional marketing channels. The term greenwashing emerged in the 1980s, an era of oil spills and growing climate science, but the practice has exploded only recently. Intensifying public anxiety over global heating and ecosystem collapse has placed companies under sharp scrutiny; many boards therefore choose eye-catching PR over the tougher route of restructuring supply chains, energy sources, and product lines. Regulators on both sides of the Atlantic are struggling to police false eco-claims, yet enforcement still lags behind corporate ingenuity. Investors, eager to protect short-term returns, frequently applaud these surface-level initiatives, reinforcing the cycle. No sector illustrates the issue better than oil and gas. Having realised that denying climate science now backfires, the industry has swapped denial for "green" paint. Press releases trumpet potential renewable ventures while drilling plans expand unabated. Why does this matter? Greenwashing and climate denial share a core objective: to postpone the deep emission cuts claimed by scientists as urgent this decade. Whereas denial disputes the crisis, greenwashing misleads the public into believing problems are solved, thereby eroding consumer advocacy of genuine environmental actions and stalling regulatory reforms. In effect, it acts as a soothing lullaby, guiding society ever closer to ecological breakdown while fostering a false sense of progress. Exposing the facade – and insisting on verifiable, measurable carbon reductions – is essential if rhetoric is to give way to real action.
The developments demonstrate a clear modernisation of the city of Paragon, transforming it from a primarily residential locality into a more diverse and economically vibrant area.
A.
e - d - b - a – c
B.
e - b - a - c – d
C.
e - c - a - d – b
D.
e - c - d - b - a
We seem to be entering a boom era for greenwashing – the tactic of covering routine pollution in eco-friendly language. Picture running a high-emitting corporation: meaningful decarbonisation would demand painful negotiations, huge capital outlays, and a full redesign of the business model. Hiring an expert agency to splash "carbon-neutral" or "net-zero" across products is far easier, buying time while emissions remain untouched. Consumers meet this sleight of hand everywhere. Airlines sell "carbon-neutral" flights, filling stations boast about "net-zero" fuel, and breakfast bacon is re-labelled as planet-safe. Advertising spin is old, yet today it is manipulated to conceal ongoing environmental damage. Social media influencers and glossy sustainability reports amplify these claims, broadcasting the narrative far beyond traditional marketing channels. The term greenwashing emerged in the 1980s, an era of oil spills and growing climate science, but the practice has exploded only recently. Intensifying public anxiety over global heating and ecosystem collapse has placed companies under sharp scrutiny; many boards therefore choose eye-catching PR over the tougher route of restructuring supply chains, energy sources, and product lines. Regulators on both sides of the Atlantic are struggling to police false eco-claims, yet enforcement still lags behind corporate ingenuity. Investors, eager to protect short-term returns, frequently applaud these surface-level initiatives, reinforcing the cycle. No sector illustrates the issue better than oil and gas. Having realised that denying climate science now backfires, the industry has swapped denial for "green" paint. Press releases trumpet potential renewable ventures while drilling plans expand unabated. Why does this matter? Greenwashing and climate denial share a core objective: to postpone the deep emission cuts claimed by scientists as urgent this decade. Whereas denial disputes the crisis, greenwashing misleads the public into believing problems are solved, thereby eroding consumer advocacy of genuine environmental actions and stalling regulatory reforms. In effect, it acts as a soothing lullaby, guiding society ever closer to ecological breakdown while fostering a false sense of progress. Exposing the facade – and insisting on verifiable, measurable carbon reductions – is essential if rhetoric is to give way to real action.
According to paragraph 1, having products claimed as eco-friendly rather than conducting meaningful decarbonisation will ______.
A.
bring about a full redesign of the business model of a company
B.
lead to delays without solving the current emission problem
C.
cause physical injuries to those involved in the negotiation
D.
involve spending a huge amount of money paying the agency
We seem to be entering a boom era for greenwashing – the tactic of covering routine pollution in eco-friendly language. Picture running a high-emitting corporation: meaningful decarbonisation would demand painful negotiations, huge capital outlays, and a full redesign of the business model. Hiring an expert agency to splash "carbon-neutral" or "net-zero" across products is far easier, buying time while emissions remain untouched. Consumers meet this sleight of hand everywhere. Airlines sell "carbon-neutral" flights, filling stations boast about "net-zero" fuel, and breakfast bacon is re-labelled as planet-safe. Advertising spin is old, yet today it is manipulated to conceal ongoing environmental damage. Social media influencers and glossy sustainability reports amplify these claims, broadcasting the narrative far beyond traditional marketing channels. The term greenwashing emerged in the 1980s, an era of oil spills and growing climate science, but the practice has exploded only recently. Intensifying public anxiety over global heating and ecosystem collapse has placed companies under sharp scrutiny; many boards therefore choose eye-catching PR over the tougher route of restructuring supply chains, energy sources, and product lines. Regulators on both sides of the Atlantic are struggling to police false eco-claims, yet enforcement still lags behind corporate ingenuity. Investors, eager to protect short-term returns, frequently applaud these surface-level initiatives, reinforcing the cycle. No sector illustrates the issue better than oil and gas. Having realised that denying climate science now backfires, the industry has swapped denial for "green" paint. Press releases trumpet potential renewable ventures while drilling plans expand unabated. Why does this matter? Greenwashing and climate denial share a core objective: to postpone the deep emission cuts claimed by scientists as urgent this decade. Whereas denial disputes the crisis, greenwashing misleads the public into believing problems are solved, thereby eroding consumer advocacy of genuine environmental actions and stalling regulatory reforms. In effect, it acts as a soothing lullaby, guiding society ever closer to ecological breakdown while fostering a false sense of progress. Exposing the facade – and insisting on verifiable, measurable carbon reductions – is essential if rhetoric is to give way to real action.
The word manipulated in paragraph 2 mostly means ______.
A.
randomly deployed
B.
legally regulated
C.
purposely adjusted
D.
hastily produced
We seem to be entering a boom era for greenwashing – the tactic of covering routine pollution in eco-friendly language. Picture running a high-emitting corporation: meaningful decarbonisation would demand painful negotiations, huge capital outlays, and a full redesign of the business model. Hiring an expert agency to splash "carbon-neutral" or "net-zero" across products is far easier, buying time while emissions remain untouched. Consumers meet this sleight of hand everywhere. Airlines sell "carbon-neutral" flights, filling stations boast about "net-zero" fuel, and breakfast bacon is re-labelled as planet-safe. Advertising spin is old, yet today it is manipulated to conceal ongoing environmental damage. Social media influencers and glossy sustainability reports amplify these claims, broadcasting the narrative far beyond traditional marketing channels. The term greenwashing emerged in the 1980s, an era of oil spills and growing climate science, but the practice has exploded only recently. Intensifying public anxiety over global heating and ecosystem collapse has placed companies under sharp scrutiny; many boards therefore choose eye-catching PR over the tougher route of restructuring supply chains, energy sources, and product lines. Regulators on both sides of the Atlantic are struggling to police false eco-claims, yet enforcement still lags behind corporate ingenuity. Investors, eager to protect short-term returns, frequently applaud these surface-level initiatives, reinforcing the cycle. No sector illustrates the issue better than oil and gas. Having realised that denying climate science now backfires, the industry has swapped denial for "green" paint. Press releases trumpet potential renewable ventures while drilling plans expand unabated. Why does this matter? Greenwashing and climate denial share a core objective: to postpone the deep emission cuts claimed by scientists as urgent this decade. Whereas denial disputes the crisis, greenwashing misleads the public into believing problems are solved, thereby eroding consumer advocacy of genuine environmental actions and stalling regulatory reforms. In effect, it acts as a soothing lullaby, guiding society ever closer to ecological breakdown while fostering a false sense of progress. Exposing the facade – and insisting on verifiable, measurable carbon reductions – is essential if rhetoric is to give way to real action.
Which of the following best summarises paragraph 2?
A.
The stories about greenwashing reach a much wider audience due to the joint effort of social media and traditional marketing channels.
B.
Commercials for everyday products and services, ranging from holiday bookings to petrol pumps and bacon packs, are prevalent on unconventional marketing channels.
C.
Social media influencers and impressive reports have a role to play in the dissemination of deceptive environmental claims.
D.
Sustainability buzzwords now fill every sector, with their reach being amplified by influencers and polished reports.
We seem to be entering a boom era for greenwashing – the tactic of covering routine pollution in eco-friendly language. Picture running a high-emitting corporation: meaningful decarbonisation would demand painful negotiations, huge capital outlays, and a full redesign of the business model. Hiring an expert agency to splash "carbon-neutral" or "net-zero" across products is far easier, buying time while emissions remain untouched. Consumers meet this sleight of hand everywhere. Airlines sell "carbon-neutral" flights, filling stations boast about "net-zero" fuel, and breakfast bacon is re-labelled as planet-safe. Advertising spin is old, yet today it is manipulated to conceal ongoing environmental damage. Social media influencers and glossy sustainability reports amplify these claims, broadcasting the narrative far beyond traditional marketing channels. The term greenwashing emerged in the 1980s, an era of oil spills and growing climate science, but the practice has exploded only recently. Intensifying public anxiety over global heating and ecosystem collapse has placed companies under sharp scrutiny; many boards therefore choose eye-catching PR over the tougher route of restructuring supply chains, energy sources, and product lines. Regulators on both sides of the Atlantic are struggling to police false eco-claims, yet enforcement still lags behind corporate ingenuity. Investors, eager to protect short-term returns, frequently applaud these surface-level initiatives, reinforcing the cycle. No sector illustrates the issue better than oil and gas. Having realised that denying climate science now backfires, the industry has swapped denial for "green" paint. Press releases trumpet potential renewable ventures while drilling plans expand unabated. Why does this matter? Greenwashing and climate denial share a core objective: to postpone the deep emission cuts claimed by scientists as urgent this decade. Whereas denial disputes the crisis, greenwashing misleads the public into believing problems are solved, thereby eroding consumer advocacy of genuine environmental actions and stalling regulatory reforms. In effect, it acts as a soothing lullaby, guiding society ever closer to ecological breakdown while fostering a false sense of progress. Exposing the facade – and insisting on verifiable, measurable carbon reductions – is essential if rhetoric is to give way to real action.
What causes corporate boards to adopt greenwashing?
A.
Increasing public concern about environmental issues
B.
Public pressure on corporations to opt for PR campaigns
C.
Growing public interest in the development of climate science
D.
Public belief that carbon reductions are unnecessary
We seem to be entering a boom era for greenwashing – the tactic of covering routine pollution in eco-friendly language. Picture running a high-emitting corporation: meaningful decarbonisation would demand painful negotiations, huge capital outlays, and a full redesign of the business model. Hiring an expert agency to splash "carbon-neutral" or "net-zero" across products is far easier, buying time while emissions remain untouched. Consumers meet this sleight of hand everywhere. Airlines sell "carbon-neutral" flights, filling stations boast about "net-zero" fuel, and breakfast bacon is re-labelled as planet-safe. Advertising spin is old, yet today it is manipulated to conceal ongoing environmental damage. Social media influencers and glossy sustainability reports amplify these claims, broadcasting the narrative far beyond traditional marketing channels. The term greenwashing emerged in the 1980s, an era of oil spills and growing climate science, but the practice has exploded only recently. Intensifying public anxiety over global heating and ecosystem collapse has placed companies under sharp scrutiny; many boards therefore choose eye-catching PR over the tougher route of restructuring supply chains, energy sources, and product lines. Regulators on both sides of the Atlantic are struggling to police false eco-claims, yet enforcement still lags behind corporate ingenuity. Investors, eager to protect short-term returns, frequently applaud these surface-level initiatives, reinforcing the cycle. No sector illustrates the issue better than oil and gas. Having realised that denying climate science now backfires, the industry has swapped denial for "green" paint. Press releases trumpet potential renewable ventures while drilling plans expand unabated. Why does this matter? Greenwashing and climate denial share a core objective: to postpone the deep emission cuts claimed by scientists as urgent this decade. Whereas denial disputes the crisis, greenwashing misleads the public into believing problems are solved, thereby eroding consumer advocacy of genuine environmental actions and stalling regulatory reforms. In effect, it acts as a soothing lullaby, guiding society ever closer to ecological breakdown while fostering a false sense of progress. Exposing the facade – and insisting on verifiable, measurable carbon reductions – is essential if rhetoric is to give way to real action.
What challenge do regulators face in monitoring greenwashing claims?
A.
Enforcement that falls behind corporate creativity
B.
Insufficient public support
C.
A lack of clear terminology
D.
Conflicting laws on both sides of the Atlantic
We seem to be entering a boom era for greenwashing – the tactic of covering routine pollution in eco-friendly language. Picture running a high-emitting corporation: meaningful decarbonisation would demand painful negotiations, huge capital outlays, and a full redesign of the business model. Hiring an expert agency to splash "carbon-neutral" or "net-zero" across products is far easier, buying time while emissions remain untouched. Consumers meet this sleight of hand everywhere. Airlines sell "carbon-neutral" flights, filling stations boast about "net-zero" fuel, and breakfast bacon is re-labelled as planet-safe. Advertising spin is old, yet today it is manipulated to conceal ongoing environmental damage. Social media influencers and glossy sustainability reports amplify these claims, broadcasting the narrative far beyond traditional marketing channels. The term greenwashing emerged in the 1980s, an era of oil spills and growing climate science, but the practice has exploded only recently. Intensifying public anxiety over global heating and ecosystem collapse has placed companies under sharp scrutiny; many boards therefore choose eye-catching PR over the tougher route of restructuring supply chains, energy sources, and product lines. Regulators on both sides of the Atlantic are struggling to police false eco-claims, yet enforcement still lags behind corporate ingenuity. Investors, eager to protect short-term returns, frequently applaud these surface-level initiatives, reinforcing the cycle. No sector illustrates the issue better than oil and gas. Having realised that denying climate science now backfires, the industry has swapped denial for "green" paint. Press releases trumpet potential renewable ventures while drilling plans expand unabated. Why does this matter? Greenwashing and climate denial share a core objective: to postpone the deep emission cuts claimed by scientists as urgent this decade. Whereas denial disputes the crisis, greenwashing misleads the public into believing problems are solved, thereby eroding consumer advocacy of genuine environmental actions and stalling regulatory reforms. In effect, it acts as a soothing lullaby, guiding society ever closer to ecological breakdown while fostering a false sense of progress. Exposing the facade – and insisting on verifiable, measurable carbon reductions – is essential if rhetoric is to give way to real action.
The phrase the practice in paragraph 3 refers to ______.
A.
global heating
B.
scrutiny
C.
climate science
D.
greenwashing
We seem to be entering a boom era for greenwashing – the tactic of covering routine pollution in eco-friendly language. Picture running a high-emitting corporation: meaningful decarbonisation would demand painful negotiations, huge capital outlays, and a full redesign of the business model. Hiring an expert agency to splash "carbon-neutral" or "net-zero" across products is far easier, buying time while emissions remain untouched. Consumers meet this sleight of hand everywhere. Airlines sell "carbon-neutral" flights, filling stations boast about "net-zero" fuel, and breakfast bacon is re-labelled as planet-safe. Advertising spin is old, yet today it is manipulated to conceal ongoing environmental damage. Social media influencers and glossy sustainability reports amplify these claims, broadcasting the narrative far beyond traditional marketing channels. The term greenwashing emerged in the 1980s, an era of oil spills and growing climate science, but the practice has exploded only recently. Intensifying public anxiety over global heating and ecosystem collapse has placed companies under sharp scrutiny; many boards therefore choose eye-catching PR over the tougher route of restructuring supply chains, energy sources, and product lines. Regulators on both sides of the Atlantic are struggling to police false eco-claims, yet enforcement still lags behind corporate ingenuity. Investors, eager to protect short-term returns, frequently applaud these surface-level initiatives, reinforcing the cycle. No sector illustrates the issue better than oil and gas. Having realised that denying climate science now backfires, the industry has swapped denial for "green" paint. Press releases trumpet potential renewable ventures while drilling plans expand unabated. Why does this matter? Greenwashing and climate denial share a core objective: to postpone the deep emission cuts claimed by scientists as urgent this decade. Whereas denial disputes the crisis, greenwashing misleads the public into believing problems are solved, thereby eroding consumer advocacy of genuine environmental actions and stalling regulatory reforms. In effect, it acts as a soothing lullaby, guiding society ever closer to ecological breakdown while fostering a false sense of progress. Exposing the facade – and insisting on verifiable, measurable carbon reductions – is essential if rhetoric is to give way to real action.
Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 4?
A.
For empty slogans to be realised into moves, revelations about greenwashing and practical measures to reduce carbon are required.
B.
Greenwashing is, in fact, a fallacy and therefore should be replaced by feasible actions which are encouraged through public movements.
C.
To make way for meaningful activities in reality, it is vital to expose the public to proper and specific measures to reduce emissions.
D.
The real solution to the issue of carbon is to verify and measure carbon reductions rather than just raise public awareness through campaigns.
We seem to be entering a boom era for greenwashing – the tactic of covering routine pollution in eco-friendly language. Picture running a high-emitting corporation: meaningful decarbonisation would demand painful negotiations, huge capital outlays, and a full redesign of the business model. Hiring an expert agency to splash "carbon-neutral" or "net-zero" across products is far easier, buying time while emissions remain untouched. Consumers meet this sleight of hand everywhere. Airlines sell "carbon-neutral" flights, filling stations boast about "net-zero" fuel, and breakfast bacon is re-labelled as planet-safe. Advertising spin is old, yet today it is manipulated to conceal ongoing environmental damage. Social media influencers and glossy sustainability reports amplify these claims, broadcasting the narrative far beyond traditional marketing channels. The term greenwashing emerged in the 1980s, an era of oil spills and growing climate science, but the practice has exploded only recently. Intensifying public anxiety over global heating and ecosystem collapse has placed companies under sharp scrutiny; many boards therefore choose eye-catching PR over the tougher route of restructuring supply chains, energy sources, and product lines. Regulators on both sides of the Atlantic are struggling to police false eco-claims, yet enforcement still lags behind corporate ingenuity. Investors, eager to protect short-term returns, frequently applaud these surface-level initiatives, reinforcing the cycle. No sector illustrates the issue better than oil and gas. Having realised that denying climate science now backfires, the industry has swapped denial for "green" paint. Press releases trumpet potential renewable ventures while drilling plans expand unabated. Why does this matter? Greenwashing and climate denial share a core objective: to postpone the deep emission cuts claimed by scientists as urgent this decade. Whereas denial disputes the crisis, greenwashing misleads the public into believing problems are solved, thereby eroding consumer advocacy of genuine environmental actions and stalling regulatory reforms. In effect, it acts as a soothing lullaby, guiding society ever closer to ecological breakdown while fostering a false sense of progress. Exposing the facade – and insisting on verifiable, measurable carbon reductions – is essential if rhetoric is to give way to real action.
Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?
A.
Regulators are effectively utilising the tools and resources to verify most environmental claims, tackling the wide spread of eco-labels.
B.
Greenwashing brings corporations benefits in terms of finance and reputation without having to reform their core operations.
C.
The shift from denying climate science to applying "green" paint reflects high-emitting industries' genuine commitment to renewables.
D.
Investors who value long-term environmental impact put pressure on companies to implement substantial structural reforms.
We seem to be entering a boom era for greenwashing – the tactic of covering routine pollution in eco-friendly language. Picture running a high-emitting corporation: meaningful decarbonisation would demand painful negotiations, huge capital outlays, and a full redesign of the business model. Hiring an expert agency to splash "carbon-neutral" or "net-zero" across products is far easier, buying time while emissions remain untouched. Consumers meet this sleight of hand everywhere. Airlines sell "carbon-neutral" flights, filling stations boast about "net-zero" fuel, and breakfast bacon is re-labelled as planet-safe. Advertising spin is old, yet today it is manipulated to conceal ongoing environmental damage. Social media influencers and glossy sustainability reports amplify these claims, broadcasting the narrative far beyond traditional marketing channels. The term greenwashing emerged in the 1980s, an era of oil spills and growing climate science, but the practice has exploded only recently. Intensifying public anxiety over global heating and ecosystem collapse has placed companies under sharp scrutiny; many boards therefore choose eye-catching PR over the tougher route of restructuring supply chains, energy sources, and product lines. Regulators on both sides of the Atlantic are struggling to police false eco-claims, yet enforcement still lags behind corporate ingenuity. Investors, eager to protect short-term returns, frequently applaud these surface-level initiatives, reinforcing the cycle. No sector illustrates the issue better than oil and gas. Having realised that denying climate science now backfires, the industry has swapped denial for "green" paint. Press releases trumpet potential renewable ventures while drilling plans expand unabated. Why does this matter? Greenwashing and climate denial share a core objective: to postpone the deep emission cuts claimed by scientists as urgent this decade. Whereas denial disputes the crisis, greenwashing misleads the public into believing problems are solved, thereby eroding consumer advocacy of genuine environmental actions and stalling regulatory reforms. In effect, it acts as a soothing lullaby, guiding society ever closer to ecological breakdown while fostering a false sense of progress. Exposing the facade – and insisting on verifiable, measurable carbon reductions – is essential if rhetoric is to give way to real action.
Where in the passage does the following sentence best-fit?

Yet greenwashing is arguably more insidious.
A.
[IV]
B.
[III]
C.
[II]
D.
[I]
We seem to be entering a boom era for greenwashing – the tactic of covering routine pollution in eco-friendly language. Picture running a high-emitting corporation: meaningful decarbonisation would demand painful negotiations, huge capital outlays, and a full redesign of the business model. Hiring an expert agency to splash "carbon-neutral" or "net-zero" across products is far easier, buying time while emissions remain untouched. Consumers meet this sleight of hand everywhere. Airlines sell "carbon-neutral" flights, filling stations boast about "net-zero" fuel, and breakfast bacon is re-labelled as planet-safe. Advertising spin is old, yet today it is manipulated to conceal ongoing environmental damage. Social media influencers and glossy sustainability reports amplify these claims, broadcasting the narrative far beyond traditional marketing channels. The term greenwashing emerged in the 1980s, an era of oil spills and growing climate science, but the practice has exploded only recently. Intensifying public anxiety over global heating and ecosystem collapse has placed companies under sharp scrutiny; many boards therefore choose eye-catching PR over the tougher route of restructuring supply chains, energy sources, and product lines. Regulators on both sides of the Atlantic are struggling to police false eco-claims, yet enforcement still lags behind corporate ingenuity. Investors, eager to protect short-term returns, frequently applaud these surface-level initiatives, reinforcing the cycle. No sector illustrates the issue better than oil and gas. Having realised that denying climate science now backfires, the industry has swapped denial for "green" paint. Press releases trumpet potential renewable ventures while drilling plans expand unabated. Why does this matter? Greenwashing and climate denial share a core objective: to postpone the deep emission cuts claimed by scientists as urgent this decade. Whereas denial disputes the crisis, greenwashing misleads the public into believing problems are solved, thereby eroding consumer advocacy of genuine environmental actions and stalling regulatory reforms. In effect, it acts as a soothing lullaby, guiding society ever closer to ecological breakdown while fostering a false sense of progress. Exposing the facade – and insisting on verifiable, measurable carbon reductions – is essential if rhetoric is to give way to real action.
Which of the following best summarises the passage?
A.
Greenwashing is surging as firms cover ongoing pollution in eco-friendly rhetoric, distracting the public and postponing the deep emission cuts scientists deem urgent.
B.
High-emitting sectors follow the trend of greenwashing, boasting about promising renewable ventures in press releases while quietly going on damaging the environment.
C.
Instead of investing in meaningful decarbonisation, major emitters have a tendency to opt for denying the claim of "carbon-neutral" or "net-zero" on their product lines.
D.
Once a prevalent strategy of corporations in response to public scrutiny, climate denial is losing its effectiveness and has to be replaced by greenwashing.
Managing your finances properly is essential for a stable and secure life. (30) ______, many people struggle with budgeting and saving and give up their financial plans sooner or later, eventually leading (31) ______ overspending and financial stress. Here are some tips to well manage your pocket: ● Invest some of your money if possible. ● Have a bank account with an increasing amount of savings (32) ______ month by setting realistic financial goals. ● Buy (33) ______ within your price range. ● Track your spending carefully to avoid (34) ______ expenditure on unnecessary purchases. ● Prioritise things that bring you lasting happiness and financial security to get your money's (35) ______!
Managing your finances properly is essential for a stable and secure life.

(30) ______, many people struggle with budgeting and saving and give up their financial plans sooner or later, eventually leading (31) ______ overspending and financial stress.
A.
However
B.
Otherwise
C.
Though
D.
While
Managing your finances properly is essential for a stable and secure life. (30) ______, many people struggle with budgeting and saving and give up their financial plans sooner or later, eventually leading (31) ______ overspending and financial stress. Here are some tips to well manage your pocket: ● Invest some of your money if possible. ● Have a bank account with an increasing amount of savings (32) ______ month by setting realistic financial goals. ● Buy (33) ______ within your price range. ● Track your spending carefully to avoid (34) ______ expenditure on unnecessary purchases. ● Prioritise things that bring you lasting happiness and financial security to get your money's (35) ______!
eventually leading (31) ______ overspending and financial stress.
A.
on
B.
at
C.
in
D.
to
Managing your finances properly is essential for a stable and secure life. (30) ______, many people struggle with budgeting and saving and give up their financial plans sooner or later, eventually leading (31) ______ overspending and financial stress. Here are some tips to well manage your pocket: ● Invest some of your money if possible. ● Have a bank account with an increasing amount of savings (32) ______ month by setting realistic financial goals. ● Buy (33) ______ within your price range. ● Track your spending carefully to avoid (34) ______ expenditure on unnecessary purchases. ● Prioritise things that bring you lasting happiness and financial security to get your money's (35) ______!
Have a bank account with an increasing amount of savings (32) ______ month by setting realistic financial goals.
A.
many
B.
some
C.
much
D.
each
Managing your finances properly is essential for a stable and secure life. (30) ______, many people struggle with budgeting and saving and give up their financial plans sooner or later, eventually leading (31) ______ overspending and financial stress. Here are some tips to well manage your pocket: ● Invest some of your money if possible. ● Have a bank account with an increasing amount of savings (32) ______ month by setting realistic financial goals. ● Buy (33) ______ within your price range. ● Track your spending carefully to avoid (34) ______ expenditure on unnecessary purchases. ● Prioritise things that bring you lasting happiness and financial security to get your money's (35) ______!
Buy (33) ______ within your price range.
A.
affordable products quality
B.
products affordable quality
C.
affordable quality products
D.
products quality affordable
Managing your finances properly is essential for a stable and secure life. (30) ______, many people struggle with budgeting and saving and give up their financial plans sooner or later, eventually leading (31) ______ overspending and financial stress. Here are some tips to well manage your pocket: ● Invest some of your money if possible. ● Have a bank account with an increasing amount of savings (32) ______ month by setting realistic financial goals. ● Buy (33) ______ within your price range. ● Track your spending carefully to avoid (34) ______ expenditure on unnecessary purchases. ● Prioritise things that bring you lasting happiness and financial security to get your money's (35) ______!
Track your spending carefully to avoid (34) ______ expenditure on unnecessary purchases.
A.
possessive
B.
restrictive
C.
objective
D.
excessive
Managing your finances properly is essential for a stable and secure life. (30) ______, many people struggle with budgeting and saving and give up their financial plans sooner or later, eventually leading (31) ______ overspending and financial stress. Here are some tips to well manage your pocket: ● Invest some of your money if possible. ● Have a bank account with an increasing amount of savings (32) ______ month by setting realistic financial goals. ● Buy (33) ______ within your price range. ● Track your spending carefully to avoid (34) ______ expenditure on unnecessary purchases. ● Prioritise things that bring you lasting happiness and financial security to get your money's (35) ______!
Prioritise things that bring you lasting happiness and financial security to get your money's (35) ______!
A.
worth
B.
price
C.
rate
D.
cost
The process of sorting through the various holidays on offer and determining which is the best for you is inevitably complex and individual personality traits will determine the eventual decision. Some people undertake a process of extensive problem solving, in which information is sought about a series of products, (36) ______. Other consumers with no patience to explore a variety of choices (37) ______, for the sake of their convenience rather than trying to guarantee that they buy the best possible product. This is known as limited problem solving. Many consumers engage in routinised response behaviour, in which choices change relatively little over time. (38) ______. Also, some holidaymakers who have been content with a particular company or destination in the past may opt for the same experience again. Finally, some consumers will buy on impulse. (39) ______. It is, in fact, a pattern of behaviour that is becoming increasingly prevalent – to the dismay of the operators, who then have less scope for forward planning and reduced opportunities to gain from investing deposits in the short term. (40) ______, where 'distressed stock' needs to be cleared at short notice and this can be stimulated by late availability offers particularly.
Some people undertake a process of extensive problem solving, in which information is sought about a series of products, (36) ______.
A.
each of which is evaluated and compared with similar products
B.
every one of them undergoes evaluations and comparisons with similar products
C.
when it is similarly evaluated and compared with other products
D.
those with similarities to other products will be evaluated and compared carefully
The process of sorting through the various holidays on offer and determining which is the best for you is inevitably complex and individual personality traits will determine the eventual decision. Some people undertake a process of extensive problem solving, in which information is sought about a series of products, (36) ______. Other consumers with no patience to explore a variety of choices (37) ______, for the sake of their convenience rather than trying to guarantee that they buy the best possible product. This is known as limited problem solving. Many consumers engage in routinised response behaviour, in which choices change relatively little over time. (38) ______. Also, some holidaymakers who have been content with a particular company or destination in the past may opt for the same experience again. Finally, some consumers will buy on impulse. (39) ______. It is, in fact, a pattern of behaviour that is becoming increasingly prevalent – to the dismay of the operators, who then have less scope for forward planning and reduced opportunities to gain from investing deposits in the short term. (40) ______, where 'distressed stock' needs to be cleared at short notice and this can be stimulated by late availability offers particularly.
Other consumers with no patience to explore a variety of choices (37) ______, for the sake of their convenience rather than trying to guarantee that they buy the best possible product.
A.
be deliberate to confine themselves to a small number of choices
B.
being deliberately confined themselves to fewer choices
C.
will deliberately confine themselves to a small number of choices
D.
fewer choices are deliberately confined to themselves
The process of sorting through the various holidays on offer and determining which is the best for you is inevitably complex and individual personality traits will determine the eventual decision. Some people undertake a process of extensive problem solving, in which information is sought about a series of products, (36) ______. Other consumers with no patience to explore a variety of choices (37) ______, for the sake of their convenience rather than trying to guarantee that they buy the best possible product. This is known as limited problem solving. Many consumers engage in routinised response behaviour, in which choices change relatively little over time. (38) ______. Also, some holidaymakers who have been content with a particular company or destination in the past may opt for the same experience again. Finally, some consumers will buy on impulse. (39) ______. It is, in fact, a pattern of behaviour that is becoming increasingly prevalent – to the dismay of the operators, who then have less scope for forward planning and reduced opportunities to gain from investing deposits in the short term. (40) ______, where 'distressed stock' needs to be cleared at short notice and this can be stimulated by late availability offers particularly.
Also, some holidaymakers who have been content with a particular company or destination in the past may opt for the same experience again.
A.
Common brands, by contrast, are a pattern among loyal consumers
B.
This is a common pattern among brand-loyal consumers, for example
C.
By contrast, a consumer-loyal pattern is seen among common brands
D.
This is a common example of brands with loyalty to a consumer pattern
The process of sorting through the various holidays on offer and determining which is the best for you is inevitably complex and individual personality traits will determine the eventual decision. Some people undertake a process of extensive problem solving, in which information is sought about a series of products, (36) ______. Other consumers with no patience to explore a variety of choices (37) ______, for the sake of their convenience rather than trying to guarantee that they buy the best possible product. This is known as limited problem solving. Many consumers engage in routinised response behaviour, in which choices change relatively little over time. (38) ______. Also, some holidaymakers who have been content with a particular company or destination in the past may opt for the same experience again. Finally, some consumers will buy on impulse. (39) ______. It is, in fact, a pattern of behaviour that is becoming increasingly prevalent – to the dismay of the operators, who then have less scope for forward planning and reduced opportunities to gain from investing deposits in the short term. (40) ______, where 'distressed stock' needs to be cleared at short notice and this can be stimulated by late availability offers particularly.
Finally, some consumers will buy on impulse.
A.
The products cost little, which means they are better known and more favoured by typical holiday purchasers
B.
While this is more typical of products costing little, it is by no means unknown among holiday purchasers
C.
It doesn't matter whether products are unknown, it is typical of purchasers to have holidays costing little
D.
In the meantime, holidays costing little are known to be products typically favoured by many purchasers
The process of sorting through the various holidays on offer and determining which is the best for you is inevitably complex and individual personality traits will determine the eventual decision. Some people undertake a process of extensive problem solving, in which information is sought about a series of products, (36) ______. Other consumers with no patience to explore a variety of choices (37) ______, for the sake of their convenience rather than trying to guarantee that they buy the best possible product. This is known as limited problem solving. Many consumers engage in routinised response behaviour, in which choices change relatively little over time. (38) ______. Also, some holidaymakers who have been content with a particular company or destination in the past may opt for the same experience again. Finally, some consumers will buy on impulse. (39) ______. It is, in fact, a pattern of behaviour that is becoming increasingly prevalent – to the dismay of the operators, who then have less scope for forward planning and reduced opportunities to gain from investing deposits in the short term. (40) ______, where 'distressed stock' needs to be cleared at short notice and this can be stimulated by late availability offers particularly.
Such impulse purchasing proves to be a valuable trait, though.
A.
Though such trait of impulse purchasing proves to be valuable
B.
So valuable is such purchasing trait that it proves to be impulsive
C.
Such trait is so impulsive that it proves to be valuable to purchasers
D.
Such impulse purchasing proves to be a valuable trait, though
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