Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.
A pandemic is the global outbreak of a disease. There are many examples of pandemics in history, the most recent being COVID-19, as declared by the World Health Organization on March 12, 2020.
Generally, pandemics are first classified as epidemics – the rapid spread of a disease across a particular region or regions. The Zika virus outbreak that began in Brazil in 2014 and made its way across the Caribbean and Latin America was an epidemic, as was the Ebola outbreak in West Africa in 2014-2016. The U.S. has been experiencing an opioid epidemic since 2017 because of the widespread misuse and high numbers of deaths caused by the drug. COVID-19 started as an epidemic in China before becoming a pandemic, after its rampant spread around the world in a matter of months.
However, it must be noted that epidemics don't always become pandemics, and it's not always a fast or clear transition. For example, HIV was considered an epidemic in West Africa for decades before becoming a pandemic in the late 20th century. Now, thanks to advances in modern medicine, it is considered endemic, which means the rate of the disease is stable and predictable among certain populations, according to the American Medical Association.
(Adapted from livescience.com)

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.
A pandemic is the global outbreak of a disease. There are many examples of pandemics in history, the most recent being COVID-19, as declared by the World Health Organization on March 12, 2020.
Generally, pandemics are first classified as epidemics – the rapid spread of a disease across a particular region or regions. The Zika virus outbreak that began in Brazil in 2014 and made its way across the Caribbean and Latin America was an epidemic, as was the Ebola outbreak in West Africa in 2014-2016. The U.S. has been experiencing an opioid epidemic since 2017 because of the widespread misuse and high numbers of deaths caused by the drug. COVID-19 started as an epidemic in China before becoming a pandemic, after its rampant spread around the world in a matter of months.
However, it must be noted that epidemics don't always become pandemics, and it's not always a fast or clear transition. For example, HIV was considered an epidemic in West Africa for decades before becoming a pandemic in the late 20th century. Now, thanks to advances in modern medicine, it is considered endemic, which means the rate of the disease is stable and predictable among certain populations, according to the American Medical Association.
(Adapted from livescience.com)

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.
A pandemic is the global outbreak of a disease. There are many examples of pandemics in history, the most recent being COVID-19, as declared by the World Health Organization on March 12, 2020.
Generally, pandemics are first classified as epidemics – the rapid spread of a disease across a particular region or regions. The Zika virus outbreak that began in Brazil in 2014 and made its way across the Caribbean and Latin America was an epidemic, as was the Ebola outbreak in West Africa in 2014-2016. The U.S. has been experiencing an opioid epidemic since 2017 because of the widespread misuse and high numbers of deaths caused by the drug. COVID-19 started as an epidemic in China before becoming a pandemic, after its rampant spread around the world in a matter of months.
However, it must be noted that epidemics don't always become pandemics, and it's not always a fast or clear transition. For example, HIV was considered an epidemic in West Africa for decades before becoming a pandemic in the late 20th century. Now, thanks to advances in modern medicine, it is considered endemic, which means the rate of the disease is stable and predictable among certain populations, according to the American Medical Association.
(Adapted from livescience.com)

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.
A pandemic is the global outbreak of a disease. There are many examples of pandemics in history, the most recent being COVID-19, as declared by the World Health Organization on March 12, 2020.
Generally, pandemics are first classified as epidemics – the rapid spread of a disease across a particular region or regions. The Zika virus outbreak that began in Brazil in 2014 and made its way across the Caribbean and Latin America was an epidemic, as was the Ebola outbreak in West Africa in 2014-2016. The U.S. has been experiencing an opioid epidemic since 2017 because of the widespread misuse and high numbers of deaths caused by the drug. COVID-19 started as an epidemic in China before becoming a pandemic, after its rampant spread around the world in a matter of months.
However, it must be noted that epidemics don't always become pandemics, and it's not always a fast or clear transition. For example, HIV was considered an epidemic in West Africa for decades before becoming a pandemic in the late 20th century. Now, thanks to advances in modern medicine, it is considered endemic, which means the rate of the disease is stable and predictable among certain populations, according to the American Medical Association.
(Adapted from livescience.com)

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.
Around the world, an estimated 92 million tonnes of everyday clothing is thrown away each year. In the US alone, about 85% of all discarded textiles – roughly 13 million tonnes in 2017 – are either dumped into landfill or burned. By 2030, it is expected that we would discard more than 134 million tonnes of textiles annually.
There are many good reasons to seek out alternatives to chucking clothes in the trash bin – the global fashion industry is responsible for 10% of all greenhouse gas emissions, with textile production alone is estimated to release 1.2 billion tonnes of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere every year. Vast amounts of water are also needed to produce the clothes we wear too and the fashion industry is responsible for 20% of global waste water. At the same time, we are buying more clothes than ever before. Globally, around 56 million tonnes of clothing are bought each year, and this can rise to 93 million tonnes by 2030. So, would recycling our clothes help to reduce the toll our fashion addiction is having on the environment?
Much of the problem comes down to what our clothes are made from. The fabrics we drape over our bodies are usually made from problematic blends of natural yarns, man-made filaments, plastics and metals, which makes it to separate and effectively recycle them. Sorting textiles into different fibres and material types by hand is labour intensive, slow and requires a skilled workforce. The growing use of modern fabric blends in clothing also makes it hard to do this mechanically too. Moreover, clothes sent for recycling are usually of such poor quality that they are simply torn up. Consequently, very few of these clothes are actually turned into new clothing in the end.
Many major brands across the fashion industry are starting to pay attention to the demand for more sustainable practices. Adidas recently announced a range of trainers made from ocean plastic. Zara, one of the world's biggest fashion retailers, also announced in 2019 that it would be using only sustainable materials by 2025. However, some are sceptical about how committed to sustainability they actually are, with some accusing them of "greenwashing" – the act of making people believe that a company is doing more to protect the environment than it really is through misleading behaviour or activities.
Consumers themselves also need to change their behaviour if we hope to lessen the impact that the fashion industry is having on our planet. "We need to slow down, take a little time to reconnect with our clothes and appreciate them again," says Clare Press, Australian Vogue's sustainability editor and author of the book Wardrobe Crisis. "Remember that whatever you are wearing, it took both physical and creative resources to make it."
(Adapted from bbc.com)

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.
Around the world, an estimated 92 million tonnes of everyday clothing is thrown away each year. In the US alone, about 85% of all discarded textiles – roughly 13 million tonnes in 2017 – are either dumped into landfill or burned. By 2030, it is expected that we would discard more than 134 million tonnes of textiles annually.
There are many good reasons to seek out alternatives to chucking clothes in the trash bin – the global fashion industry is responsible for 10% of all greenhouse gas emissions, with textile production alone is estimated to release 1.2 billion tonnes of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere every year. Vast amounts of water are also needed to produce the clothes we wear too and the fashion industry is responsible for 20% of global waste water. At the same time, we are buying more clothes than ever before. Globally, around 56 million tonnes of clothing are bought each year, and this can rise to 93 million tonnes by 2030. So, would recycling our clothes help to reduce the toll our fashion addiction is having on the environment?
Much of the problem comes down to what our clothes are made from. The fabrics we drape over our bodies are usually made from problematic blends of natural yarns, man-made filaments, plastics and metals, which makes it to separate and effectively recycle them. Sorting textiles into different fibres and material types by hand is labour intensive, slow and requires a skilled workforce. The growing use of modern fabric blends in clothing also makes it hard to do this mechanically too. Moreover, clothes sent for recycling are usually of such poor quality that they are simply torn up. Consequently, very few of these clothes are actually turned into new clothing in the end.
Many major brands across the fashion industry are starting to pay attention to the demand for more sustainable practices. Adidas recently announced a range of trainers made from ocean plastic. Zara, one of the world's biggest fashion retailers, also announced in 2019 that it would be using only sustainable materials by 2025. However, some are sceptical about how committed to sustainability they actually are, with some accusing them of "greenwashing" – the act of making people believe that a company is doing more to protect the environment than it really is through misleading behaviour or activities.
Consumers themselves also need to change their behaviour if we hope to lessen the impact that the fashion industry is having on our planet. "We need to slow down, take a little time to reconnect with our clothes and appreciate them again," says Clare Press, Australian Vogue's sustainability editor and author of the book Wardrobe Crisis. "Remember that whatever you are wearing, it took both physical and creative resources to make it."
(Adapted from bbc.com)

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.
Around the world, an estimated 92 million tonnes of everyday clothing is thrown away each year. In the US alone, about 85% of all discarded textiles – roughly 13 million tonnes in 2017 – are either dumped into landfill or burned. By 2030, it is expected that we would discard more than 134 million tonnes of textiles annually.
There are many good reasons to seek out alternatives to chucking clothes in the trash bin – the global fashion industry is responsible for 10% of all greenhouse gas emissions, with textile production alone is estimated to release 1.2 billion tonnes of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere every year. Vast amounts of water are also needed to produce the clothes we wear too and the fashion industry is responsible for 20% of global waste water. At the same time, we are buying more clothes than ever before. Globally, around 56 million tonnes of clothing are bought each year, and this can rise to 93 million tonnes by 2030. So, would recycling our clothes help to reduce the toll our fashion addiction is having on the environment?
Much of the problem comes down to what our clothes are made from. The fabrics we drape over our bodies are usually made from problematic blends of natural yarns, man-made filaments, plastics and metals, which makes it to separate and effectively recycle them. Sorting textiles into different fibres and material types by hand is labour intensive, slow and requires a skilled workforce. The growing use of modern fabric blends in clothing also makes it hard to do this mechanically too. Moreover, clothes sent for recycling are usually of such poor quality that they are simply torn up. Consequently, very few of these clothes are actually turned into new clothing in the end.
Many major brands across the fashion industry are starting to pay attention to the demand for more sustainable practices. Adidas recently announced a range of trainers made from ocean plastic. Zara, one of the world's biggest fashion retailers, also announced in 2019 that it would be using only sustainable materials by 2025. However, some are sceptical about how committed to sustainability they actually are, with some accusing them of "greenwashing" – the act of making people believe that a company is doing more to protect the environment than it really is through misleading behaviour or activities.
Consumers themselves also need to change their behaviour if we hope to lessen the impact that the fashion industry is having on our planet. "We need to slow down, take a little time to reconnect with our clothes and appreciate them again," says Clare Press, Australian Vogue's sustainability editor and author of the book Wardrobe Crisis. "Remember that whatever you are wearing, it took both physical and creative resources to make it."
(Adapted from bbc.com)

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.
Around the world, an estimated 92 million tonnes of everyday clothing is thrown away each year. In the US alone, about 85% of all discarded textiles – roughly 13 million tonnes in 2017 – are either dumped into landfill or burned. By 2030, it is expected that we would discard more than 134 million tonnes of textiles annually.
There are many good reasons to seek out alternatives to chucking clothes in the trash bin – the global fashion industry is responsible for 10% of all greenhouse gas emissions, with textile production alone is estimated to release 1.2 billion tonnes of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere every year. Vast amounts of water are also needed to produce the clothes we wear too and the fashion industry is responsible for 20% of global waste water. At the same time, we are buying more clothes than ever before. Globally, around 56 million tonnes of clothing are bought each year, and this can rise to 93 million tonnes by 2030. So, would recycling our clothes help to reduce the toll our fashion addiction is having on the environment?
Much of the problem comes down to what our clothes are made from. The fabrics we drape over our bodies are usually made from problematic blends of natural yarns, man-made filaments, plastics and metals, which makes it to separate and effectively recycle them. Sorting textiles into different fibres and material types by hand is labour intensive, slow and requires a skilled workforce. The growing use of modern fabric blends in clothing also makes it hard to do this mechanically too. Moreover, clothes sent for recycling are usually of such poor quality that they are simply torn up. Consequently, very few of these clothes are actually turned into new clothing in the end.
Many major brands across the fashion industry are starting to pay attention to the demand for more sustainable practices. Adidas recently announced a range of trainers made from ocean plastic. Zara, one of the world's biggest fashion retailers, also announced in 2019 that it would be using only sustainable materials by 2025. However, some are sceptical about how committed to sustainability they actually are, with some accusing them of "greenwashing" – the act of making people believe that a company is doing more to protect the environment than it really is through misleading behaviour or activities.
Consumers themselves also need to change their behaviour if we hope to lessen the impact that the fashion industry is having on our planet. "We need to slow down, take a little time to reconnect with our clothes and appreciate them again," says Clare Press, Australian Vogue's sustainability editor and author of the book Wardrobe Crisis. "Remember that whatever you are wearing, it took both physical and creative resources to make it."
(Adapted from bbc.com)

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each the numbered blanks.

Teen spending

A large-scale study has been done by advertisers on the spending habits of today's teenagers. It has come up with some fascinating results. Girls across Europe ranging in age from 15 to 18 were interviewed. The researchers discovered that these girls want to be successful and sophisticated and are willing to spend to (46) _______ the look they want — when they have the money, that is!

Feeling confident is the most important factor when it comes to buying clothes. 47) _______ interesting piece of information coming out of the study is that German teenagers go for clothes that are practical and comfortable, while British and French teenagers are more concerned about appearance, (48) _______ they all agreed that the clothes should fit them properly. All the girls (49) _______ were interviewed shop for clothes regularly, half of them buying something from a department store or a large clothes shop at least once a month. They also see it as a social (50) _______ and going round the shops with their friends is the main way they learn what the latest trends are.

(Adapted from "Laser B2" by Malcomn Mann and Steve Taylor-Knowles)

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each the numbered blanks.

Teen spending

A large-scale study has been done by advertisers on the spending habits of today's teenagers. It has come up with some fascinating results. Girls across Europe ranging in age from 15 to 18 were interviewed. The researchers discovered that these girls want to be successful and sophisticated and are willing to spend to (46) _______ the look they want — when they have the money, that is!

Feeling confident is the most important factor when it comes to buying clothes. 47) _______ interesting piece of information coming out of the study is that German teenagers go for clothes that are practical and comfortable, while British and French teenagers are more concerned about appearance, (48) _______ they all agreed that the clothes should fit them properly. All the girls (49) _______ were interviewed shop for clothes regularly, half of them buying something from a department store or a large clothes shop at least once a month. They also see it as a social (50) _______ and going round the shops with their friends is the main way they learn what the latest trends are.

(Adapted from "Laser B2" by Malcomn Mann and Steve Taylor-Knowles)

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each the numbered blanks.

Teen spending

A large-scale study has been done by advertisers on the spending habits of today's teenagers. It has come up with some fascinating results. Girls across Europe ranging in age from 15 to 18 were interviewed. The researchers discovered that these girls want to be successful and sophisticated and are willing to spend to (46) _______ the look they want — when they have the money, that is!

Feeling confident is the most important factor when it comes to buying clothes. 47) _______ interesting piece of information coming out of the study is that German teenagers go for clothes that are practical and comfortable, while British and French teenagers are more concerned about appearance, (48) _______ they all agreed that the clothes should fit them properly. All the girls (49) _______ were interviewed shop for clothes regularly, half of them buying something from a department store or a large clothes shop at least once a month. They also see it as a social (50) _______ and going round the shops with their friends is the main way they learn what the latest trends are.

(Adapted from "Laser B2" by Malcomn Mann and Steve Taylor-Knowles)

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each the numbered blanks.

Teen spending

A large-scale study has been done by advertisers on the spending habits of today's teenagers. It has come up with some fascinating results. Girls across Europe ranging in age from 15 to 18 were interviewed. The researchers discovered that these girls want to be successful and sophisticated and are willing to spend to (46) _______ the look they want — when they have the money, that is!

Feeling confident is the most important factor when it comes to buying clothes. 47) _______ interesting piece of information coming out of the study is that German teenagers go for clothes that are practical and comfortable, while British and French teenagers are more concerned about appearance, (48) _______ they all agreed that the clothes should fit them properly. All the girls (49) _______ were interviewed shop for clothes regularly, half of them buying something from a department store or a large clothes shop at least once a month. They also see it as a social (50) _______ and going round the shops with their friends is the main way they learn what the latest trends are.

(Adapted from "Laser B2" by Malcomn Mann and Steve Taylor-Knowles)

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each the numbered blanks.

Teen spending

A large-scale study has been done by advertisers on the spending habits of today's teenagers. It has come up with some fascinating results. Girls across Europe ranging in age from 15 to 18 were interviewed. The researchers discovered that these girls want to be successful and sophisticated and are willing to spend to (46) _______ the look they want — when they have the money, that is!

Feeling confident is the most important factor when it comes to buying clothes. 47) _______ interesting piece of information coming out of the study is that German teenagers go for clothes that are practical and comfortable, while British and French teenagers are more concerned about appearance, (48) _______ they all agreed that the clothes should fit them properly. All the girls (49) _______ were interviewed shop for clothes regularly, half of them buying something from a department store or a large clothes shop at least once a month. They also see it as a social (50) _______ and going round the shops with their friends is the main way they learn what the latest trends are.

(Adapted from "Laser B2" by Malcomn Mann and Steve Taylor-Knowles)