[Reading passage for Questions 31-40, printed on pages 7-8 of the exam paper. Verified fragments from source: Paragraph 1 contains markers (I)-(IV) and the sentence 'With rural-to-urban migration accelerating across the globe, cities are now home to more than half the world's population. The shift to a predominantly urban population marks a historic moment in how humans live on the planet. This trend is set to continue, especially in megacities with populations over 10 million.' Paragraph 2: 'Despite their problems, cities also offer major opportunities. Their size allows for economies of scale in energy generation, public transport, and waste management.' Paragraph 3 (summary per solution): 'Governments and urban planners are now proposing bold solutions. The key strategies involve two main principles: recycling as much as possible, and minimizing car use. This includes integrating residential and work areas, promoting high-density living near public transport, and creating multi-centered cities to reduce travel. Several cities have already introduced eco-initiatives, such as green buildings powered by renewable energy, public bicycle systems, and hydrogen-fueled buses.' Paragraph 4 contains the underlined sentence 'Although often lacking sanitation and infrastructure, these communities are dense, walkable, and resourceful.' Paragraph 5 contains the word 'compact': 'Cities that avoid car-dependency and focus on compact city layouts that reduce distances between living and working areas offer both environmental benefits and improved urban life.']