(See advertisement in Question 1.) Question 6:

Protect Our Environment Every Day!
Discover what simple changes we can make in our daily routines to benefit the environment.
Current challenges:
Industrial activities and widespread urban development have destroyed forests and (7) _____ habitats. Additionally, we (8) _____ 500 million plastic bottles every week, contributing to land and ocean pollution. This waste leads to the deaths of countless marine animals each year.
Steps we can take!
Choose eco-friendly products and reduce water consumption at home. This helps decrease the (9) _____ of resources needed for production.
• Avoid products packaged in excess materials. (10) _____ buying single-use plastic water bottles, use a refillable water bottle! This helps lower the (11) _____ of waste you generate.
• Compost biodegradable waste and (12) _____ organic materials whenever possible. Separate food scraps from recyclable items for better waste management.
Question 07.

(See leaflet in Question 7.) Question 08.

(See leaflet in Question 7.) Question 09.

(See leaflet in Question 7.) Question 10.

(See leaflet in Question 7.) Question 11.

(See leaflet in Question 7.) Question 12.

Question 13:
a. John: I'm planning to plant trees in my schoolyard next Sunday.
b. Mary: Oh, that sounds amazing !
c. Mary: Have you already decided on what to do next weekend?

Question 14:
a. Jack: That sounds fun! We can also show visitors how to cook these dishes.
b. Jane: First, we should set up some food stalls offering traditional dishes from different cultures.
c. Jack: We've decided to organise a Cultural Diversity Day in our school. Let's discuss what activities to include.
d. Tom: I like your idea, but we don't have any cooking experience. We may need to involve professional cooks.
(Adapted from Global Success)

Question 15:
a. Nowadays, more and more cities are growing into megacities.
b. One of the benefits of living in a huge urban centre is access to medical services, which is essential, especially for the elderly and those suffering from diseases.
c. In addition to better access to education, megacity dwellers can enjoy more goods and services and pursue careers with better job prospects.
d. Living in a megacity truly provides comforts that are hard to find in a smaller town or city.
e. An additional advantage is that people can find a higher-quality education as there are bigger and better schools.
(Adapted from Bright)

Question 16:
a. Cross-cultural learning has three main benefits.
b. Secondly, it allows us to learn new ways of thinking and problem-solving by exchanging ideas with others.
c. Finally, it encourages us to appreciate diversity and work together with people from various cultures
d. Firstly, it helps understand and respect different backgrounds, making us more open-minded.
e. So it is important to learn about different cultures around the world.

Question 17:
Dear Mike,
a. How are things going in England? I hope you're doing well.
b. Do you like these changes?
c. Take care and write back soon! Best wishes, Lan.
d. It's quite a long time since I last went to England. I've heard that your small town has changed a lot. Is it true?
e. I can't wait to hear all about them!

The 1960 street map of Lagos, Nigeria, shows a small western-style coastal city (18) _______. Paved roads quickly turn to dirt, and fields to forest. There are few buildings over six floors high and not many cars.
No one foresaw (19) _______. In just two generations, Lagos grew 100-fold, from under 200,000 people to nearly 20 million. Today one of the world's 10 largest cities, it sprawls across nearly 1,000 sq km. Vastly wealthy in parts, it is largely chaotic and impoverished. Most residents live in informal settlements, or slums. The great majority are not connected to piped water or a sanitation system. The city's streets are choked with traffic, (20) _______ is full of fumes, and its main dump covers 40 hectares and receives 10,000 metric tons of waste a day.
But new research suggests (21) _______ may be nothing to what might take place in the next 60. (22) _______ and people move to cities at the same rate as now, Lagos could become the world's largest metropolis, home to 85 or 100 million people. By 2100, it is projected to be home to more people than California or Britain today, and to stretch hundreds of miles - with enormous environmental effects.
Question 18:

(See passage in Question 18.) Question 19:

(See passage in Question 18.) Question 20:

(See passage in Question 18.) Question 21:

(See passage in Question 18.) Question 22:

Powering the Future
As we continue to face the impacts of climate change, having a green environment has become increasingly important to the future of our society. To achieve this, the world is shifting towards green energy, and two particular types of energy at the center of this movement are solar power and wind power.
Solar power is all about harnessing the sun's energy by using solar panels to convert sunlight into usable electricity. This highly efficient form of energy produces zero emissions, so it can significantly reduce our carbon footprint. Moreover, solar panels are perfect for installation on a small scale, such as in private homes, since they require very little maintenance and have a long lifespan. However, the ability to generate solar power depends on the time of day and weather conditions. This means that solar panels are often less useful if they are installed in places where sunny weather is not typical.
Wind power, on the other hand, involves converting the energy of the wind into electricity using large turbines. Wind power produces no greenhouse gases, but it is not ideal for private use since turbines require consistent care. However, wind farms can be installed on a large scale and can produce electricity continuously regardless of the time of day. This means that if there were more investments in wind power, it could be a viable way to provide energy for major cities and even whole regions.
Wind and solar power contribute significantly to a green environment by reducing our reliance on fossil fuels, helping us cut down on pollution and slow climate change. Additionally, using renewable energy sources helps promote spending on sustainable development by creating new career opportunities in the green energy sector.
For now, the biggest challenge of adopting green energy is the costs associated with installation and infrastructure, but the benefits unquestionably outweigh the downsides. If we want to stop the climate crisis and create a better and more sustainable future, green energy sources will undoubtedly be the key.
(Adapted from Bright 12)
Question 23. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a characteristic of solar power?

(See passage in Question 23.) Question 24. The word important in paragraph 1 is OPPOSITE in meaning to _______.

(See passage in Question 23.) Question 25. The word they in paragraph 2 refers to _______.

(See passage in Question 23.) Question 26. The word viable in paragraph 3 could be best replaced by _______.

(See passage in Question 23.) Question 27. Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 5?

(See passage in Question 23.) Question 28. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

(See passage in Question 23.) Question 29. In which paragraph does the writer mention a comparison of two types of energy?

(See passage in Question 23.) Question 30. In which paragraph does the writer explore the challenges of adopting green energy?

Unusual Jobs
Around the world, there are some jobs that may seem quite strange and surprising to you.
[I] In Japan, the railway system is huge and everyone there uses trains. [II] This makes them overcrowded most of the time. [III] During rush hour, railway station attendants called pushers or oshiya perform a unique task - they push passengers into trains. [IV] This is necessary because of the large number of commuters who wish to arrive at their destinations on time.
Have you ever wondered how the world's tallest building, Burj Khalifa in Dubai, is cleaned? It takes a team of 36 window cleaners a total of three months to clean the tower's reflective windows. Working from a height of more than 800 meters, the cleaners face huge challenges, especially during bad weather. They must be the bravest cleaners in the world.
In the UK, millions of golf balls are lost every year in the lakes and ponds around golf courses. This has led to a demand for golf ball divers, who retrieve and clean the balls. Most divers are professionals, but they spend long hours crawling through mud and carrying heavy buckets. On average, they collect about 5,000 balls per lake, which are later resold or recycled.
Question 31. Where in paragraph 1 does the following sentence best fit?
"This job is quite unusual and essential in crowded cities."

(See passage in Question 31.) Question 32. The phrase perform a unique task in paragraph 1 could be best replaced by _______.

(See passage in Question 31.) Question 33. The word they in paragraph 1 refers to _______.

(See passage in Question 31.) Question 34. According to paragraph 2, what makes the job of cleaning Burj Khalifa especially challenging?

(See passage in Question 31.) Question 35. Which of the following best summarises paragraph 3?

(See passage in Question 31.) Question 36. The word huge in paragraph 3 is OPPOSITE in meaning to _______.

(See passage in Question 31.) Question 37. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

(See passage in Question 31.) Question 38. Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 3?
"This has led to a demand for golf ball divers, who retrieve and clean the balls."

(See passage in Question 31.) Question 39. What can be inferred from the passage?

(See passage in Question 31.) Question 40. Which of the following best summarises the passage?