Bài Tập Trắc Nghiệm Chuyên Đề: Điền câu mệnh đề theo mạch văn (Tiếng Anh Lớp 10, 11, 12)

A wealthy family, grown over the generations to include thousands of brothers, sisters, aunts, uncles, and cousins, owned 100% of every stock in the country. Each year, they reaped the rewards of investing: all the earnings growth that those thousands of corporations generated and all the dividends that they distributed. Each family member grew wealthier at the same pace, (36)_____. Their investment had compounded over the decades, creating enormous wealth, because the family was playing a winner's game.
But after a while, a few fast-talking consultants arrive on the scene, and they persuade some “smart” cousins (37). These consultants convince the cousins to sell some of their shares in the companies to other family members and (38). The consultants handle the transactions, and as brokers, they receive commissions for their services. The ownership is thus rearranged among the family members.
(39)_____. Why? Because some of the return is now consumed by the consultants, and the family's share of the generous pie that the industry of that country bakes each year – all those dividends paid, all those earnings reinvested in the business – 100% at the outset, starts to decline, simply because some of the return is now consumed by the consultants.
To make matters worse, while the family had always paid taxes on their dividends, some of the members are now also paying taxes on the capital gains they realise from their stock-swapping back and forth, (40)_____.
(Adapted from The Little Book of Common Sense Investing)

Artificial intelligence (AI) in healthcare, a rapidly evolving field, (18) _______. These technologies leverage machine learning and data analytics to improve diagnostics, treatment plans, and patient outcomes. This innovation not only enhances efficiency in healthcare delivery but also supports personalized medicine tailored to individual patient needs.
One notable feature (19) _______ and medical professionals is their ability to analyze vast amounts of data quickly. AI systems can identify patterns in medical records and imaging, assisting doctors in making more informed decisions.
Despite these advantages, concerns persist about the ethical implications and accuracy of AI-driven solutions. Misdiagnoses or data privacy breaches can lead to significant consequences for patients. (20) _______
AI in healthcare presents the potential for groundbreaking advancements. Offering significant transformative advantages for both patients and providers, (21) _______. However, substantial regulatory, ethical, and technical challenges remain. (22) _______

The Cambridge Dictionary has recently named "parasocial" as its word of the year, defining it as a one-sided connection that people feel with individuals they do not know, or even with artificial intelligence. This phenomenon, (30) ________, involves a sense of intimacy that is not reciprocated by the other party. A common example is the emotional attachment fans develop towards celebrities like Taylor Swift, despite never having met them.
Generally, most parasocial relationships are healthy, serving as a normal way to explore thoughts and emotions about others. They allow individuals (31) ________, and to find inspiration from accomplishments, even from long-dead writers. (32) ________, these connections are a fundamentally healthy expression of emotional and social desires, provided they do not interfere with mutual relationships in the physical world.
However, these relationships become problematic if they dominate a person's thoughts or impede independent decision-making. This concern is particularly relevant with AI chatbots (33) ________. Such highly customized interactions, often designed to flatter or agree, pose a real risk. (34) ________. This dependency can hinder the development of crucial social and empatheted skills necessary for genuine human connection.
(Adapted from: https://www.bbc.com)

Maintaining a balanced diet is crucial for overall health and well-being. Nutritionists emphasize that (22)________. Consuming a variety of foods ensures that individuals receive essential nutrients required for optimal body function. Additionally, (23)________, which can have a negative impact on physical and mental health. A balanced diet also plays a key role in preventing chronic diseases such as diabetes, heart disease, and obesity. Moreover, proper nutrition supports immune function, helping the body to resist infections and illnesses.

Many people struggle to incorporate healthy choices into their diets. Often, (24) ________ that makes it difficult to maintain a balanced diet. This issue can be particularly evident in fast-paced lifestyles where convenience is prioritized over nutrition. Furthermore, (25)________, making it challenging to adopt healthier eating habits. Social factors, such as peer pressure and cultural preferences, can also influence dietary choices, sometimes leading individuals away from healthier options.

To promote better eating practices, it is essential to (26) ________ . Simple changes, such as meal planning and cooking at home, can lead to significant improvements in diet quality. Additionally, increasing awareness about the benefits of nutritious foods and providing accessible resources can encourage individuals to make more informed food choices.

Vocational schools offer a compelling alternative to traditional four-year degrees, providing high school graduates and career changers with a practical, fast-track path to success. These schools focus on hands-on training from day one, (18)______. This approach accelerates entry into the workforce, enabling graduates to quickly secure jobs with in-demand skills.

(19)______. This means students can avoid large amounts of debt and start earning money sooner. With smaller class sizes, vocational schools offer personalized attention and direct mentorship, creating a collaborative and supportive learning environment.

Vocational schools often provide great career services, such as help with job searching and building a resume. This support makes it easier for students to connect with employers. Many industries, such as healthcare, technology, and construction, need skilled workers, (20)______.

Additionally, vocational education fosters a sense of purpose by allowing students to pursue careers in fields they are passionate about, whether in healthcare, automotive repair, or the culinary arts. ATA College, with its hands-on learning environment and expert faculty, (21)______.

In conclusion, vocational schools are a valuable pathway to a rewarding career, offering practical training, quicker employment, financial savings, and industry connections. (22)______.

Stress

In prehistoric times, the physical changes in response to stress were an essential adaptation for meeting natural threats. The stress response, even in the modern world, (9)_______during critical events such as sports activities, important meetings, or situations of actual danger. If stress becomes persistent and low-level, however, the brain, heart, lungs, vessels and muscles become chronically over- or under-activated. (10)______. Acute stress can also be harmful in certain situations.

Studies suggest that (11)______ is associated with depression or anxiety. In one study, two- thirds of subjects who experienced a stressful situation had nearly six times the risk of developing depression within that month. Some evidence suggests that repeated release of stress hormones disrupts normal levels of serotonin, the nerve chemical (12)___ .

Certainly, on a more obvious level, stress diminishes the quality of life by reducing feelings of pleasure and accomplishment, and relationships are often threatened. The tensions of unresolved stress frequently cause insomnia, generally keeping the stressed person awake or causing awakening in the middle of the night or early morning. In fact, evidence suggests that stress hormones can increase during sleep in anticipation of a specific waking time. (13) ______________________________.
Relaxation therapy has been found to reduce stress levels and consequently improve the quality of sleep.
(Adapted from Cambridge Vocabulary for IELTS)

Cities often feel noticeably hotter than the surrounding countryside, a phenomenon known as the urban heat island (UHI). An urban heat island is a metropolitan area that becomes significantly warmer than nearby rural regions, largely because concrete, asphalt, and buildings absorb and retain heat. In such environments, waste heat, generated by cars, public transport, factories, homes, and even people themselves, (1) ______. When buildings and paved surfaces are constructed close together, they trap heat, and this insulation effect, which slows the release of warmth, causes temperatures in the spaces between structures to remain high even after sunset.

At night, the contrasts becomes especially clear. Surfaces such as roads, sidewalks, and parking lots act like vast reservoirs of heat, preventing warmth from escaping into the cooler night sky. In a dense city core, skyscrapers and narrow streets restrict airflow, (2) ______. The consequences are serious: poorer air quality develops because pollutants released by vehicles and industry cannot disperse easily, while local water systems are harmed when heated runoff enters streams and rivers, damaging aquatic species adapted to cooler conditions. Urban heat islands also place a heavy strain on energy networks, since residents increasingly rely on air conditioning during summer peaks, (3) ______.

To reduce these effects, urban planners, policymakers, and architects are developing both modest and ambitious strategies. Green roofs, essentially gardens on rooftops, help cool buildings by absorbing sunlight and converting it into biomass rather than heat. (4) ______. Expanding urban vegetation and creating more open layouts improve air circulation, allowing heat to dissipate. Though urban heat islands represent a modern challenge, thoughtful design and collective action can lessen their impact, (5) ______.
(Adapted from https://education.nationalgeographic.org)

Cities often feel noticeably hotter than the surrounding countryside, a phenomenon known as the urban heat island (UHI). An urban heat island is a metropolitan area that becomes significantly warmer than nearby rural regions, largely because concrete, asphalt, and buildings absorb and retain heat. In such environments, waste heat, generated by cars, public transport, factories, homes, and even people themselves, (1) ______. When buildings and paved surfaces are constructed close together, they trap heat, and this insulation effect, which slows the release of warmth, causes temperatures in the spaces between structures to remain high even after sunset.

At night, the contrasts becomes especially clear. Surfaces such as roads, sidewalks, and parking lots act like vast reservoirs of heat, preventing warmth from escaping into the cooler night sky. In a dense city core, skyscrapers and narrow streets restrict airflow, (2) ______. The consequences are serious: poorer air quality develops because pollutants released by vehicles and industry cannot disperse easily, while local water systems are harmed when heated runoff enters streams and rivers, damaging aquatic species adapted to cooler conditions. Urban heat islands also place a heavy strain on energy networks, since residents increasingly rely on air conditioning during summer peaks, (3) ______.

To reduce these effects, urban planners, policymakers, and architects are developing both modest and ambitious strategies. Green roofs, essentially gardens on rooftops, help cool buildings by absorbing sunlight and converting it into biomass rather than heat. (4) ______. Expanding urban vegetation and creating more open layouts improve air circulation, allowing heat to dissipate. Though urban heat islands represent a modern challenge, thoughtful design and collective action can lessen their impact, (5) ______.
(Adapted from https://education.nationalgeographic.org)

The rise of digital singers, featuring AI-generated voices and 3D avatars, has redefined the music industry. When a new virtual idol is first introduced, fans often engage in extensive problem-solving. They research the software's origin or the performer, (1) ______. Once the technology becomes familiar, consumers move toward limited problem-solving. (2) ______, enthusiasts evaluate some excellent voice demos, comparing different virtual voices based on established quality standards. For many loyal followers, purchasing a new digital single like "Hana" by PLAVE or a virtual concert ticket eventually becomes a routinised response behaviour, occurring almost instinctively without much thought. (3) ______. However, the market is also driven by unplanned purchases, frequently sparked by limited-edition digital accessories or sudden virtual events. (4) ______. Over time, these repeated interactions help reinforce user engagement and deepen emotional attachment to virtual performers. From a long-term commercial perspective, (5) ______. Consequently, creators must blend technological innovation with a deep understanding of fan psychology to ensure their virtual stars remain relevant in this rapidly evolving digital landscape.

(Source: Adapted from Journal of Consumer Research, 2025)

Plastic is widely used in modern life as it is practical, lightweight, and inexpensive. However, its convenience has created a serious environmental problem. (20)______. Many animals become trapped in plastic debris, while marine life often eats tiny plastic particles. In addition, a large amount of the United Kingdom's plastic waste is dumped and burned overseas, affecting people's health.
One major issue with plastic is its durability. (21). Because it is cheap and often disposable, plastic has contributed to a throwaway culture. As a result, a huge amount of plastic waste is produced each year. Much of this waste ends up in the oceans, (22). UK supermarkets alone generate hundreds of thousands of tonnes of plastic packaging annually.
Another concern is microplastics, (23)______. Synthetic clothing releases microfibres during washing, and microbeads in personal care products can pass through water systems into the ocean. These particles have been found worldwide, even in remote areas such as Antarctica.
Plastic pollution harms wildlife and ecosystems. Larger animals may become entangled in plastic waste, (24)______. These particles have even been detected in humans. Although some actions, such as banning certain plastics, have been taken, stronger global measures are urgently needed to reduce plastic use and protect the planet.
(Adapted from https://www.greenpeace.org.uk/challenges/plastic-pollution)

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 36 to 40.

Urbanization, (36) _______, has been a defining trend of the 21st century. While this phenomenon has brought about numerous benefits, including increased economic opportunities and improved access to services, it has also had a profound impact on local communities, often leading to their decline.
The rapid growth of cities has led to a mass exodus from rural areas, (37) _______. This migration has resulted in a brain drain from smaller communities, with young, educated individuals being the most likely to leave. As a result, many rural areas have older populations and fewer workers, making it difficult to support local economies and basic services.
(38) _______. As cities grow, they encroach upon surrounding rural areas, leading to the loss of farmland and green spaces. This (39) _______, further eroding the character of rural communities.
The rise of big-box stores and online shopping has dealt another blow to local communities. (40) _______. This has led to the closure of many local shops, leaving once-vibrant main streets eerily quiet and diminishing the sense of community.
(Adapted from https://ielts.net)

Question 36.
A. the process by which rural areas become urbanized as a result of economic development and industrialization
B. which is the process of rural areas become urbanized by economic development and a result of industrialization
C. the result of economic development and industrialization by which the process of rural areas become urbanized
D. by which the process of rural areas become urbanized as a result of economic development and industrialization

Question 37.
A. this is because better prospects of jobs and higher life standards
B. as people seek better job prospects and higher standards of living
C. albeit with neither better job prospects nor higher standards of living
D. so that better job prospects can be sought here as well as higher standards of living

Question 38.
A. Moreover, the expansion of urban areas often comes at the expense of agricultural land and natural habitats
B. The expansion of agricultural land and natural habitats, by contrast, comes at the expense of urban areas
C. The expansion of urban areas, moreover, are the expense to come to agricultural land and natural habitats
D. Therefore, agricultural land and urban areas expands at the expense of natural habitats

Question 39.
A. affects food production and disrupts ecosystems and biodiversity
B. ecosystem and biodiversity affects and disrupts ecosystems.
C. food production is affected and disrupted by ecosystems and biodiversity
D. being affected food production and disrupted ecosystems and biodiversity

Question 40.
A. Once formed small businesses, the backbone of rural economies is now struggling to compete with large corporations and e-commerce giants
B. Small businesses, large corporations and e-commerce giants are now struggling to form the backbone of rural economies
C. The competition between large corporations and e-commerce giants against small businesses is forming the backbone of rural economies
D. Small businesses that once formed the backbone of rural economies are struggling to compete with large corporations and e-commerce giants

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 36 to 40.

Urbanization, (36) _______, has been a defining trend of the 21st century. While this phenomenon has brought about numerous benefits, including increased economic opportunities and improved access to services, it has also had a profound impact on local communities, often leading to their decline.
The rapid growth of cities has led to a mass exodus from rural areas, (37) _______. This migration has resulted in a brain drain from smaller communities, with young, educated individuals being the most likely to leave. As a result, many rural areas have older populations and fewer workers, making it difficult to support local economies and basic services.
(38) _______. As cities grow, they encroach upon surrounding rural areas, leading to the loss of farmland and green spaces. This (39) _______, further eroding the character of rural communities.
The rise of big-box stores and online shopping has dealt another blow to local communities. (40) _______. This has led to the closure of many local shops, leaving once-vibrant main streets eerily quiet and diminishing the sense of community.
(Adapted from https://ielts.net)

Question 36.
A. the process by which rural areas become urbanized as a result of economic development and industrialization
B. which is the process of rural areas become urbanized by economic development and a result of industrialization
C. the result of economic development and industrialization by which the process of rural areas become urbanized
D. by which the process of rural areas become urbanized as a result of economic development and industrialization

Question 37.
A. this is because better prospects of jobs and higher life standards
B. as people seek better job prospects and higher standards of living
C. albeit with neither better job prospects nor higher standards of living
D. so that better job prospects can be sought here as well as higher standards of living

Question 38.
A. Moreover, the expansion of urban areas often comes at the expense of agricultural land and natural habitats
B. The expansion of agricultural land and natural habitats, by contrast, comes at the expense of urban areas
C. The expansion of urban areas, moreover, are the expense to come to agricultural land and natural habitats
D. Therefore, agricultural land and urban areas expands at the expense of natural habitats

Question 39.
A. affects food production and disrupts ecosystems and biodiversity
B. ecosystem and biodiversity affects and disrupts ecosystems.
C. food production is affected and disrupted by ecosystems and biodiversity
D. being affected food production and disrupted ecosystems and biodiversity

Question 40.
A. Once formed small businesses, the backbone of rural economies is now struggling to compete with large corporations and e-commerce giants
B. Small businesses, large corporations and e-commerce giants are now struggling to form the backbone of rural economies
C. The competition between large corporations and e-commerce giants against small businesses is forming the backbone of rural economies
D. Small businesses that once formed the backbone of rural economies are struggling to compete with large corporations and e-commerce giants

The process of sorting through the various holidays on offer and determining which is the best for you is inevitably complex and individual personality traits will determine the eventual decision. Some people undertake a process of extensive problem solving, in which information is sought about a series of products, (1) ______. Other consumers with no patience to explore a variety of choices (2) ______ for the sake of their convenience rather than trying to guarantee that they buy the best possible product. This is known as limited problem solving. Many consumers engage in routinised response behaviour, in which choices change relatively little over time. (3) ______. Also, some holidaymakers who have been content with a particular company or destination in the past may opt for the same experience again. Finally, some consumers will buy on impulse. (4) ______. It is, in fact, a pattern of behaviour that is becoming increasingly prevalent – to the dismay of the operators, who then have less scope for forward planning and reduced opportunities to gain from investing deposits in the short term. (5) ______ where ‘distressed stock’ needs to be cleared at short notice and this can be stimulated by late availability offers particularly.

The process of sorting through the various holidays on offer and determining which is the best for you is inevitably complex and individual personality traits will determine the eventual decision. Some people undertake a process of extensive problem solving, in which information is sought about a series of products, (1) ______. Other consumers with no patience to explore a variety of choices (2) ______ for the sake of their convenience rather than trying to guarantee that they buy the best possible product. This is known as limited problem solving. Many consumers engage in routinised response behaviour, in which choices change relatively little over time. (3) ______. Also, some holidaymakers who have been content with a particular company or destination in the past may opt for the same experience again. Finally, some consumers will buy on impulse. (4) ______. It is, in fact, a pattern of behaviour that is becoming increasingly prevalent – to the dismay of the operators, who then have less scope for forward planning and reduced opportunities to gain from investing deposits in the short term. (5) ______ where ‘distressed stock’ needs to be cleared at short notice and this can be stimulated by late availability offers particularly.

All holidays involve some element of risk whether in the form of illness, bad weather, being unable to get what we want if we delay booking, or (1) ______. We ask ourselves what risks we would run if we went there, if there is a high likelihood of their occurrence, if the risks are avoidable and how significant the consequences would be.
Some tourists, of course, relish a degree of risk, as this gives an edge of excitement to the holiday, (2) ______. Others, however, are risk averse and will studiously avoid risk wherever possible. Clearly, the significance of the risk will be a key factor. (3) ______. The risk averse will book early, choose to return to the same resort and hotel they have visited, knowing its reliability, or book a package tour rather than travel independently.
(4) ______. There is evidence that much of the continuing reluctance shown by some tourists to seek information and make bookings through Internet providers can be attributed to, in part, the lack of face-to-face contact with a trusted – and, hopefully, expert – travel agent and, in part, (5) ______ in favour of the information provider.

All holidays involve some element of risk whether in the form of illness, bad weather, being unable to get what we want if we delay booking, or (1) ______. We ask ourselves what risks we would run if we went there, if there is a high likelihood of their occurrence, if the risks are avoidable and how significant the consequences would be.
Some tourists, of course, relish a degree of risk, as this gives an edge of excitement to the holiday, (2) ______. Others, however, are risk averse and will studiously avoid risk wherever possible. Clearly, the significance of the risk will be a key factor. (3) ______. The risk averse will book early, choose to return to the same resort and hotel they have visited, knowing its reliability, or book a package tour rather than travel independently.
(4) ______. There is evidence that much of the continuing reluctance shown by some tourists to seek information and make bookings through Internet providers can be attributed to, in part, the lack of face-to-face contact with a trusted – and, hopefully, expert – travel agent and, in part, (5) ______ in favour of the information provider.