Bài Tập Trắc Nghiệm Chuyên Đề: Diễn đạt tương đương câu trích từ bài đọc (Tiếng Anh Lớp 10, 11, 12)

[Đoạn văn về counter-urbanisation (câu 23-30) nằm ở trang 5 của đề, không được cung cấp trong dữ liệu trang này. Các câu hỏi 26-29 thuộc nhóm đoạn văn này.]

(I) In recent years, social media platforms have become a central part of daily life, offering users countless ways to connect, share, and communicate. (II) While these platforms offer many advantages, experts have noted rising concerns about their effects on mental health, particularly among young people (Smith & Anderson, 2018). (III) Studies reveal that excessive social media use can contribute to feelings of anxiety, depression, and loneliness, despite its intention to promote connection and social interaction (Twenge & Campbell, 2019). (IV)

A primary reason for these mental health concerns is the tendency for social media users to compare themselves to others. Platforms like Instagram and Facebook often portray idealized lifestyles, leading users to feel inadequate about their own lives. Additionally, the constant notifications and messages contribute to a "fear of missing out," or FOMO, which keeps individuals in a cycle of checking their phones, often reducing the quality of sleep and overall well-being.

There is also a growing body of research suggesting a link between social media use and decreased attention spans. When users frequently switch between apps and notifications, their ability to focus for extended periods may diminish (Rosen, 2019). This shift in attention can interfere with productivity, especially in academic and professional settings, where sustained focus is essential.

Addressing these challenges requires a multi-faceted approach. Some mental health professionals suggest limiting screen time and setting boundaries, such as "device-free" hours before bedtime. Others recommend engaging in offline activities, like reading or exercising, to minimize reliance on social media while fostering healthier habits. According to psychologists, such strategies can enhance mental resilience and allow for more meaningful, balanced relationships (Robinson & Smith, 2020).

Wildlife conservation is a crucial endeavor that aims to protect animal species and their habitats. This effort is essential for maintaining biodiversity and ensuring the health of our ecosystems. Human activities such as deforestation, pollution, and climate change are some of the primary threats to wildlife. Conservation initiatives strive to mitigate these impacts through various strategies.

One significant aspect of wildlife conservation is the establishment of protected areas. National parks, wildlife reserves, and marine protected areas are created to provide safe havens for endangered species. These areas not only protect wildlife but also offer opportunities for scientific research and eco-tourism, which can benefit local economies.

Another important approach is the reintroduction of species into their natural habitats. This method has been successful in bringing several species back from the brink of extinction. Conservationists carefully monitor and support these reintroduced populations to ensure their survival.

Education and awareness campaigns play a pivotal role in wildlife conservation as well. By educating the public about the importance of biodiversity and the threats facing wildlife, these campaigns foster a sense of responsibility and encourage community involvement in conservation efforts.

Technological advancements are also aiding conservation efforts. Innovations such as satellite tracking, DNA analysis, and drone surveillance help researchers gather critical data and monitor wildlife populations more effectively. These tools enable more informed decision-making and efficient conservation strategies.

Promoting sustainable practices, reducing human-wildlife conflicts, and enforcing anti-poaching laws are also integral components of wildlife conservation. These measures contribute to creating a harmonious balance between human activities and the natural world.

Cultural bias remains a significant obstacle in our connected world. As we enter 2025, many communities struggle with preconceptions about people from different backgrounds. These biases often stem from limited exposure to other cultures. Children typically acquire these prejudices from their environment rather than being born with them. Recent studies show that unconscious bias affects decision-making in education, healthcare, and employment, creating barriers for qualified individuals. Addressing this challenge requires both personal awareness and systemic changes.
In workplaces, cultural bias manifests when managers favor candidates who share their cultural background. In schools, students from certain cultures may face lower expectations from teachers who harbor preconceptions. Media representation perpetuates stereotypes by portraying specific groups in limited roles. These portrayals reinforce existing biases and shape public perception. Organizations that neglect cultural diversity training risk creating unwelcoming environments for employees and clients alike.
Approaches to mitigate cultural bias include educational initiatives exposing people to diverse perspectives early. Technology facilitates cultural exchange through virtual reality experiences. Many corporations have implemented blind recruitment processes to eliminate discrimination. Community events celebrating different traditions help break down barriers between groups. These combined efforts are gradually shifting attitudes, though progress remains uneven across regions.
The benefits of overcoming cultural bias extend beyond social harmony. Research indicates that diverse teams outperform homogeneous ones in problem-solving. Countries embracing multiculturalism often experience economic growth through increased creativity. Individuals who overcome their biases report more fulfilling relationships and broader worldviews. The challenge of confronting cultural bias requires sustained commitment from individuals, organizations, and governments working together.

[I] The environmental impact of Christmas trees goes beyond choosing real or artificial. [II] Real trees, typically spruce, fir, or pine, are grown on plantations for about ten years, supporting biodiversity by providing habitats for farmland birds and insects. [III] These trees play a small but meaningful role in preserving rural landscapes and preventing alternative, less sustainable land uses, like urban development. [IV].
Artificial trees, while reusable, have a significantly higher carbon footprint during production and transport. According to the Carbon Trust, they must be reused for several years to match the lower carbon footprint of real trees.
Disposal methods are critical. Real trees release their stored carbon upon decay, but if they end up in landfill, anaerobic conditions produce methane, a far more potent greenhouse gas. Composting, chipping, or using trees for energy or habitat restoration are far better alternatives. Additionally, some companies now offer tree rentals, and pot-grown trees can be replanted, making them excellent sustainable options.
Sustainability efforts can also include buying locally grown trees, reducing travel emissions, and supporting certified sustainable farms. While Christmas trees represent a minor part of land use and the global carbon cycle, their management highlights opportunities for improvement. Reducing waste, eliminating fertilisers, and avoiding landfill disposal are practical steps toward making this cherished tradition more eco-friendly.
Though a small element of the festive season, Christmas trees remind us of the broader need to balance ecological responsibility with tradition. With mindful practices, this holiday symbol can contribute positively to both biodiversity and climate goals.
(Adapted from https://www.bbc.com)

[Reading passage for Questions 12-21 spans pages 2-3 of the source. The passage text begins on page 2 and continues on page 3 ('...treatment strategies.' ... 'However, their widespread adoption still requires...' ... 'While the benefits of AI appear considerable, its expansion also provokes serious ethical and social debates.'). The full passage text was not supplied in this section of the document.]

K-pop, or Korean pop music, has become a global phenomenon in recent years, sweeping across continents and attracting millions of fans worldwide. This genre, known for its catchy beats, high-energy performances, and stunning visuals, has garnered a massive following far beyond South Korea. K-pop groups such as BTS, BLACKPINK, and EXO have amassed dedicated fanbases, known as "ARMY" and "Blinks”, who passionately support their favorite artists both online and at live events.
The rise of K-pop is not just a passing trend; it’s a cultural movement that has changed the landscape of global music. Social media platforms like Twitter, Instagram, and YouTube have played a crucial role in amplifying the reach of K-pop, allowing fans from all over the world to connect and share their love for the music. Through these platforms, K-pop groups are able to interact with their fans in real-time, creating a sense of community and engagement that transcends borders.
What sets K-pop apart from other music genres is its fusion of various musical styles, including pop, hip-hop, R&B, and EDM. This blend of genres has allowed K-pop to appeal to a wide range of listeners, regardless of their cultural background. Additionally, the emphasis on impressive choreography and visually striking music videos has set new standards for performance in the global music industry. As K-pop continues to grow in popularity, it is clear that the genre’s influence on the music industry will only continue to expand.
K-pop's success has also had a significant cultural impact, promoting Korean language, fashion, and even food worldwide. What began as a niche genre has now become a dominant force in global music. K-pop artists are collaborating with international stars and performing on world stages. The genre's global influence shows no signs of slowing down, marking the rise of a new era in popular music.

[I] Why is it that many teenagers have the energy to play computer games until late at night but can't find the energy to get out of bed in time for school? [II] According to a new report, today's generation of children are in danger of getting so little sleep that they are putting their mental and physical health at risk. [III] According to medical experts, one in five youngsters gets anything between two and five hours' sleep a night less than their parents did at their age. [IV]
The connection between sleep deprivation and lapses in memory, impaired reaction time and poor concentration is well established. Research has shown that losing as little as half an hour's sleep a night can have profound effects on how children perform the next day. A good night's sleep is also crucial for teenagers because it is while they are asleep that they release a hormone that is essential for their 'growth spurt' (the period during teenage years when the body grows at a rapid rate).
So why aren't teenagers getting enough sleep? Some experts suggest the presence of televisions, computers, and mobile phones in children's bedrooms may be to blame. As new childhood pre-sleep activities have become more widespread, so more traditional ones such as reading have declined.
Research has shown that teenagers have different sleep patterns from younger children and adults. One important change that occurs at night time is increased levels of the 'darkness hormone' melatonin, which helps us to fall asleep. Most adults start to produce melatonin at about 10 p.m. When teenagers were studied in a sleep laboratory, researchers discovered that they only began to produce the hormone at 1 am. It is possible that this delay in melatonin production is caused by the behaviour of teenagers. Playing with electronic gadgets late at night stimulates the brain and exposes the teenagers to bright lights which could cause the later release of melatonin.
Issues surrounding sleep - who needs how much and when - are usually given short shrift in efforts to improve student achievement. But modern brain researchers say it is time that more schools woke up to the biological facts and started lessons at a time better suited to their teenage students.
(Adapted from Solutions 2nd Edition)

The earliest European zoos in the 19th century were grim places where animals were kept in iron cages. Over time, outright cruelty gave way to a more hidden variety, including cramped enclosures and poor diet. However, this has slowly begun to change. Jersey Zoo, opened in 1959 by Gerald Durrell, focused on the conservation of endangered species rather than just displaying animals. Set in 32 acres, it has spacious, natural enclosures and breeds at-risk species to reintroduce them to the wild.
According to Jersey Zoo director Mark Habben, a zoo's ethics depend on three priorities: a clear conservation focus, a clear research focus, and defined welfare goals. These are also embraced by Chester Zoo, one of the UK's largest. In 2025, it attracted nearly 2.14 million visitors, proving the success of its welfare-centric approach. Its projects protect wild species like the giant pangolin and the eastern bongo, while its breeding programme has successfully yielded chicks of the Socorro dove, which became extinct in the wild in the 1970s.
These "insurance populations" have become vital in our age of rampant poaching and habitat loss. For example, the Arabian oryx was pushed to extinction in the wild in the early 1970s. Yet today, following successful captive breeding programmes by global zoos, thousands live in the wild, and the species is now classified only as "vulnerable". Similarly, the California condor population was boosted from just 22 birds in 1982 to several hundred today.
Animal ethicist Samantha Ward notes that the wild is no longer a safe place where animals roam freely. She works with modern zoos to ensure creatures have the environment and mental stimuli to thrive. In Europe and the UK, stringent regulations govern housing and veterinary care. For visitors traveling abroad, Ward suggests looking for accreditation from international bodies like WAZA to ensure high animal welfare standards.
With 700 million annual zoo visitors worldwide, these institutions are highly valuable for education. A study found that departing visitors felt more positive about conservation and were more likely to take action, such as supporting wildlife charities. Zak Showell, director of Shaldon Wildlife Trust, understands why some people hesitate to visit zoos, but emphasizes that modern standards are very high. Progressive zoos constantly develop their spaces and fund wild preservation, making them well worth defending.

Cultural conflicts happen because people misunderstand contextual information. Different cultures attach different levels of importance to context when they communicate, so the same message may be understood differently. Because of this, knowing how people rely on context is vital for reducing confusion and improving communication across cultures.
There are generally two types of cultures: high-context cultures and low-context cultures. High-context cultures, such as those in East Asian and Middle Eastern countries, focus heavily on the situation of a message. Much meaning is implied rather than said directly, so speakers need to know the relationship and setting before understanding the words. These cultures value suggested ideas more than the exactness of words.
In contrast, low-context cultures, such as Germany or America, are characterized by clear communication, precise wording, detailed messages, and consistent speaking styles. They place great importance on the actual message, and its meaning is usually easier to understand and more direct. Communication is more detailed and exact because people rely less on outside factors to shape meaning. Every word matters, and accuracy is necessary to avoid misunderstanding, especially in formal or professional situations.
These contextual differences are easy to see in the business world. A Japanese contract is often shorter because much information is assumed within the high-context culture. An American contract, however, is longer and more detailed to ensure nothing is left confusing. Understanding these differences helps people communicate more effectively across cultures and build stronger relationships, encouraging deeper cooperation and mutual respect in diverse international settings.
(Adapted from Reading forThe Real World)

[I] In today’s quickly changing job market, where long-term employment is now a luxury, the idea of career cushioning has become increasingly important. [II] The rapid changes that followed restructuring, AI-driven change and mergers revealed how fast even stable jobs can disappear. [III] Career cushioning means preparing alternative options – such as improving skills, building networks, or exploring part-time opportunities – before problems arise. [IV]
An essential component of career cushioning is broadening one’s work experience across diverse professional settings. Many individuals apply for apprenticeships, join short training courses, or take on casual work to expand their abilities. These experiences provide useful skills and insight into different fields. Although they may be temporary, they can still offer security by opening new opportunities. This ongoing development widens opportunities and helps them maintain momentum even when market conditions shift unexpectedly.
The growth of remote work and digital communication has also changed how people prepare for possible job loss. Workers now recognize the importance of transferable skills – such as digital literacy, strong communication, and analytical thinking – which can be used in many professions. Employers are increasingly interested in adaptable employees who show initiative and responsibility. As companies, together with their departments, divisions, and workers, reshape their structures to respond to global changes, workers with a wider range of skills usually have better protection against sudden layoffs or reorganization, whereas those who rely mainly on technical specialization may find it harder to adapt to new roles.
In the end, career cushioning represents a fresh way of thinking about job security. Rather than depending on only one full-time position, individuals create several paths toward stability. This approach can be a new mindset, a practical strategy, a rewarding method, and it helps people reduce stress while discovering new interests and career options. Although uncertainty will always exist, preparing early allows individuals to respond more confidently when change arrives.
(Adapted from https://theeverygirl.com/career-cushioning)

[I] In early 2025, scientists achieved a breakthrough in renewable energy technology. [II] Researchers from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) developed a new type of solar panel that is significantly more efficient than existing models. [III] The new technology employs advanced materials and innovative design to capture a broader spectrum of sunlight, converting it into electricity with an efficiency rate of over 40%. [IV]
In addition to being more efficient, the new solar panels are also more cost-effective to produce. The researchers use a combination of perovskite and silicon materials, both of which are abundant and inexpensive. This development has the potential to make renewable energy more accessible and affordable for a broader range of people. Currently, the team is focused on scaling up production and testing the panels in real-world conditions to ensure their durability and long-term performance.
This breakthrough comes at a critical time as the world grapples with the impacts of climate change. The increased efficiency of the new solar panels means that more clean energy can be generated from the same amount of sunlight, thereby reducing reliance on fossil fuels and lowering greenhouse gas emissions. This advancement aligns with global efforts to transition to a more sustainable energy future and to combat the adverse effects of climate change.
The announcement of this breakthrough has been met with excitement and optimism from both the scientific community and environmental advocates. The potential for widespread adoption of this new solar technology could revolutionize the renewable energy sector and accelerate the transition to a greener, more sustainable world. As further developments and testing continue, the world watches with anticipation for the positive impact this innovation will bring.
(Adapted from nature.com)