Bài Tập Trắc Nghiệm Chuyên Đề: Thông tin được nêu trực tiếp (Tiếng Anh Lớp 10, 11, 12)

Dựa vào các thông tin được cung cấp dưới đây để trả lời các câu hỏi từ 61 đến 63:

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 43 to 50

The time when humans crossed the Arctic land bridge from Siberia to Alaska seems remote to us today, but actually represents a late stage in prehistory of humans, an era when polished stone implements and bows and arrows were already being used and dogs bad already been domesticated.
When these early migrants arrived in North America, they found woods and plains dominated by three types of American mammoths. Those elephants were distinguished from today's elephants mainly by their thick, shaggy coats and their huge, upward-curving tusks. They had arrived on the continent hundreds of thousands of years before their human followers. The wooly mammoth in the North, the Columbian mammoth in middle North America, and the imperial mammoth of the South, together with their distant cousins the mastodons, dominated the land. Here, as in the Old World, there is evidence that humans hunted these elephants,as shown by numerous spear points found with mammoth remains.
Then, at the end of the Ice Age, when the last glaciers had retreated, there was a relatively sudden and widespread extinction of elephants. In the New World, both mammoths and mastodons disappeared. In the Old World, only Indian and African elephants survived.
Why did the huge, seemingly successful mammoths disappear? Were humans connected with their extinction? Perhaps, but at the time, although they were hunters, humans were still widely scattered and not very numerous. It is difficult to see how they could have prevailed over the mammoth to such an extent.

Instructors at American colleges and universities use many different teaching methods. Some instructors give assignments every day. They grade homework. Students in their classes have to take many quizzes, a midterm exam, and a final test. Other instructors give only writing assignments. Some teachers always follow a course outline and usually use the textbooks. Others send students to the library for assignments.

The atmosphere in some classrooms is very formal. Students call their instructors “Professor Smith”, “Mrs. Jones”, and so on. Some teachers wear business clothes and give lectures. Other classrooms have an informal atmosphere. Students and teachers discuss their ideas. Instructors dress informally, and students call them by their first names. American teachers are not alike in their teaching styles.

At most American colleges and universities, facilities for learning and recreation are available to students. Students can often use recorders, video machines, and computers at libraries and learning centres. They can buy books, notebooks, and other things at campus stores. They can get advice on their problems from counsellors and individual help with their classes from tutors. Students can relax and have fun on campus, too. Some schools have swimming pools and tennis courts. Most have snack bars or cafeterias.

(Source. Adapted from http://www.ukedu.org)

The sea has always interested people. From it they can get food, minerals, and treasures. For thousands of years, they sailed on the sea. But they could not go far beneath its surface. People want to explore deep into the sea. However, they are not fishes. Because people must breathe air, they cannot stay under the water's surface for any length of time. To explore deep water, men and women face even more dangers and problems. A diver who wants to stay under water for more than a few minutes must breathe air or a special mixture of gases. Divers can wear diving suits and have air pumped to them from above. They can carry tanks of air on their back and breathe through a hose and a mouthpiece. Water weighs 800 times as much as air. Tons of water push against a diver deep in the sea. The diver's body is under great pressure. When divers are under great pressure, their blood takes in some of the gases they breathe. As they rise too quickly, the gases in their blood form bubbles. Divers then suffer from the bends. The bends can cause divers to double up in pain. Bends can even kill divers.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 25 to 34.
The Impact of Internet Slang on Modern English

The formal acceptance of internet slang shows a fundamental change in how the English language grows today. Some people may think that terms like “skibidi,” “delulu,” or “tradwife” are just short-term digital trends. However, their recent inclusion in the Cambridge Dictionary serves as a strong answer to those critics. This decision confirms the lasting influence of the TikTok generation, showing that these expressions are no longer just on the edges of our daily talk but have become central to modern communication.

[I] This phenomenon is not just about a collection of harmless slang words. Instead, it reflects a deeper “post-truth” world where personal beliefs often become more important than facts. [II] For example, the term “delulu,” once a small insult, now shows a social shift where people choose their own reality. [III] At the same time, the “tradwife” movement uses beautiful, glossy social media photos to make traditional housework look like a perfect dream. [IV]

Supporting this change is the “broligarchy” - a powerful group of tech leaders whose platforms control how these terms spread. From using “mouse jigglers” to pretend to be working to the use of “skibidi” as a word that often has no real meaning, these terms reflect the complex social lives of our tech-focused era.

Why does this “internet talk” matter so much? It works like a “soothing lullaby” where chaotic media makes the public feel comfortable but also disconnected from real life. Experts argue that the younger generation is very good at using ironic humor but struggles to find real meaning in things. If these simple phrases continue to replace serious thought, we might lose our ability to use language as a tool for clarity. It is essential to see the hollow nature of these attractive digital trends to protect our intellectual depth in an age where computer algorithms have so much influence over what we think and say.

People used to know more or less how their children would live. Now things are changing so quickly that they don't even know what their own lives will be like in a few years' time. What follows is not science fiction. It is how experts see the future.
You are daydreaming behind the steering wheel; is it too dangerous? No! That's no problem because you have it on automatic pilot, and with its hi-tech computers and cameras, your car “know” how to get you home safe and sound.
What is for lunch? In the old days you used to stop off to buy a hamburger or a pizza. Now you use your diagnostic machine to find out which foods your body needs. If your body needs more vegetables and less fat, your food-preparation machine makes you a salad.
After lunch, you go down the hall to your home office. Here you have everything you need to do your work. Thanks to your information screen and your latest generation computer, you needn't go to the office any more. The information screen shows an urgent message from a coworker in Brazil. You can instantly send back a reply to him and go on to deal with other matters.

Read the following passage about urbanisation and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions.

URBANISATION: A GROWING PHENOMENON

Urbanisation is the process through which cities grow, and higher populations begin to inhabit urban areas. This phenomenon has accelerated significantly over the past few decades due to various factors. One of the primary drivers is the search for better employment opportunities. In rural areas, job prospects are often limited to agriculture and small-scale industries, which might not provide sufficient income. Consequently, people migrate to cities seeking better livelihoods and living standards.

Additionally, urban areas offer more advanced educational facilities and healthcare services compared to rural regions. Many families move to cities to provide their children with higher-quality education and greater future opportunities. Access to hospitals and specialized medical services also attracts people to urban centers, especially in countries where rural healthcare is underdeveloped.

However, rapid urbanisation brings about several challenges. Overcrowding in cities can lead to inadequate housing, strained infrastructure, and increased pollution. The expansion of urban areas often results in the loss of green spaces and agricultural land, impacting food production and the environment. Governments and city planners must address these issues to ensure sustainable urban growth.

Despite these challenges, urbanisation has several positive aspects. Cities are often cultural melting pots, where diverse groups of people interact, leading to vibrant communities and innovation. The concentration of resources and talents in urban areas can drive economic growth and technological advancements.

(Adapted from https://copilot.microsoft.com)

After two decades of growing student enrollments and economic prosperity, business schools in the United States have started to face harder times. Only Harvard's MBA School has shown a substantial increase in enrollment in recent years. Both Princeton and Stanford have seen decreases in their enrollments. Since 1990, the number of people receiving Masters in Business Administration (MBA) degrees, has dropped about 3 percent to 75,000, and the trend of lower enrollment rates is expected to continue.
There are two factors causing this decrease in students seeking an MBA degree. The first one is that many graduates of four-year colleges are finding that an MBA degree does not guarantee a plush job on Wall Street, or in other financial districts of major American cities. Many of the entry-level management jobs are going to students graduating with Master of Arts degrees in English and the humanities as well as those holding MBA degrees. Students have asked the question, "Is an MBA degree really what I need to be best prepared for getting a good job?" The second major factor has been the cutting of American payrolls and the lower number of entry-level jobs being offered. Business needs are changing, and MBA schools are struggling to meet the new demands.
(Adapted from Exam Essentials Practice Tests - Cambridge English by Tom Bradbury and Eunice Yates)

Advertising helps people recognize a particular brand, persuades them to try it, and tries to keep them loyal to it. Brand loyalty is perhaps the most important goal of consumer advertising. Whether they produce cars, canned foods or cosmetics, manufacturers want their customers to make repeated purchases. The quality of the product will encourage this, of course, but so, too, will affect advertising.
Advertising relies on the techniques of market research to identify potential users of a product. Are they homemakers or professional people? Are they young or old? Are they city dwellers or country dwellers? Such questions have a bearing on where and when ads should be played. By studying readership breakdowns for newspapers and magazines as well as television ratings and other statistics, an advertising agency can decide on the best way of reaching potential buyers. Detailed research and marketing expertise are essential today when advertising budgets can run into thousands of millions of dollars.
Advertising is a fast-paced, high-pressure industry. There is a constant need for creative ideas that will establish a personality for a product in the public’s mind. Current developments in advertising increase the need for talented workers.
In the past, the majority of advertising was aimed at the traditional white family – breadwinner father, non- working mother, and two children. Research now reveals that only about 6 percent of American households fit this stereotype. Instead, society is fragmented into many groups, with working mothers, single people and older people on the rise. To be most successful, advertising must identify a particular segment and aim its message toward that group.
Advertising is also making use of new technologies. Computer graphics are used to grab the attention of consumers and to help them see products in a new light. The use of computer graphics in a commercial for canned goods, for instance, gave a new image to the tin can.

Yoga is a healthy lifestyle. One of the benefits of yoga is that you can choose a yoga style that is suitable for your lifestyle, such as hot yoga, power yoga, relaxation yoga, etc. If you are a yoga beginner, Hatha Yoga, which focuses on basic postures at a comfortable pace, would be great for you. If you want to increase strength through using more of your own body's resistance, Power Yoga may be right for you. Whether you prefer you're at home, in a private session, watching a DVD or at a studio or gym, there are a huge variety of options available to suit your goals and needs.
Improved flexibility is one of the first and most obvious benefits of yoga. During your first class, you probably won't be able to touch your toes. But if you stick with it, you'll notice a gradual loosening, and eventually, seemingly impossible poses will become possible. Each of the yoga poses is built to reinforce the muscles around the spine, the very center of your body, which is the core from which everything else operates.
When the core is working properly, posture is improved, thus alleviating back, shoulder, and neck pain. Strong muscles do more than look good. They also protect us from conditions like arthritis and back pain, and help prevent falls in elderly people. And when you build strength through yoga, you balance it with flexibility. If you just went to the gym and lifted weights, you might build strength at the expense of flexibility.
Yoga gets your blood flowing. More specifically, the relaxation exercises you learn in yoga can help your circulation, especially in your hands and feet. Yoga also gets more oxygen to your cells, which function better as a result. Twisting poses are thought to wring out venous blood from internal organs and allow oxygenated blood to flow in once the twist is released. Many studies found that a consistent yoga practice improved depression and led to greater levels of happiness and better immune function.

(Adapted from https://www.anahana.com/en/yoga/yoga)

In the past, cell phones were big and heavy. In the future, telephones will still be big. The good news is that people will be able to fold them in half to make them smaller. The "foldable phone" is now in development.
One company has come up with a smartphone and tablet in one. This device can fold down to the size of a regular cellphone to make it "pocket-size." The foldable phone has a larger screen, keyboard, and high-quality speakers. This makes easy to use. The flexible display can go from smartphone to tablet just by unfolding it. The interior screen is so big that it can run three different apps at the same time. People can watch a video, talk about it, and browse websites online. There are also two batteries inside the phone - one on each side. Many companies have been looking for ways to improve smartphones. The foldable phone is unlike anything else that has come before it. This powerful machine is a smartphone, computer, and camera all in one. There is a current race to get foldable phones on the market. But we'll have to wait and see how well these new smartphones work. If people like them, maybe one day we will be able to fold and even stretch our phone.
(Adapted from 2000 core English words by Jenna Myers and Thomas Hong)

The use of Chatbot A.I in language teaching has revolutionized the way we approach language learning. These intelligent software programs offer a range of benefits that make language education more engaging, effective, and accessible.

One of the most significant benefits of Chatbot A.I in language teaching is the personalization it offers. Chatbots are capable of adapting to each student's learning style, pace, and ability, delivering lessons that are tailored specifically to their needs. This ensures that students receive instruction that is most relevant to them, leading to improved engagement and motivation.

Another advantage of Chatbot A.I is that it provides students with immediate feedback. Unlike a traditional classroom setting where students have to wait for a teacher to correct their mistakes, Chatbots can provide instant feedback on pronunciation, grammar, and vocabulary, helping them to identify and address their weaknesses in real-time.

The availability of Chatbot A.I technology 24/7 also makes language learning more accessible. Students can practice their language skills at any time, from anywhere, without having to worry about scheduling conflicts with a teacher. This flexibility means that language learning can become a more integral part of students' daily lives, helping to embed the new language more deeply in their minds.

Finally, Chatbot A.I provides an enjoyable and engaging experience for language learners. With its use of gamification techniques and interactive dialogues, Chatbots make language learning feel like a fun and engaging activity, rather than a chore.

[Sự sẵn có của công nghệ Chatbot A.I 24/7 cũng giúp việc học ngôn ngữ trở nên dễ tiếp cận hơn. Học sinh có thể thực hành các kỹ năng ngôn ngữ của mình bất cứ lúc nào, ở bất cứ đâu mà không phải lo lắng về việc xung đột lịch trình với giáo viên. Tính linh hoạt này có nghĩa là việc học ngôn ngữ có thể trở thành một phần không thể thiếu trong cuộc sống hàng ngày của học sinh, giúp ngôn ngữ mới ăn sâu hơn vào tâm trí các em.]

[Cuối cùng, Chatbot A.I mang đến trải nghiệm thú vị và hấp dẫn cho người học ngôn ngữ. Với việc sử dụng các kỹ thuật trò chơi hóa và đối thoại tương tác, Chatbot khiến việc học ngôn ngữ trở thành một hoạt động thú vị và hấp dẫn hơn là một việc vặt.]

The word robot first appeared in a 1921 stage play by Czech writer Karel Capek. In the play, a man makes a machine that can think, which he calls a robot and which ends up killing its owner. In the 1940s, the American science fiction writer Isaac Asimov wrote a series of stories about robots and invented the term robotics, the science of robots. Meanwhile, in the real world, the first robots were developed by an engineer, Joseph F. Engelberger, and an inventor, George C. Devol. Together they started Unimation, a manufacturing company that produces the first real robot in 1961, called the Unimate. Robots of this type were installed at a General Motors automobile plant and proved to be a success. They worked reliably and saved money for General Motors, so other companies were soon acquiring robots as well.
These industrial robots were nothing like the terrifying creatures that can often be seen in science fiction films. In fact, these robots looked and behaved nothing like humans. They were simply pieces of computer-controlled machinery, with metal “arms” or “hands”. Since they were made of metal, they could perform certain jobs that were difficult or dangerous for humans, particularly jobs that involve high heat. And since robots were tireless and never got hungry, sleepy, or distracted, they were useful for tasks that would be tiring or boring for humans. Industrial robots have been improved over the years, and today they are used in many factories around the world. Though the use of robots has meant the loss of some jobs, at the same time other jobs have been created in the design, development, and production of the robots.
Rise of the Robots, Silicon Valley Entrepreneur, Martin Ford, 1988.

Action movies are exciting and a lot of fun to watch, but they also involve scenes of great risk and danger. In the language of filmmaking, dangerous actions are called stunts. Who performs these stunts? This work is too dangerous for regular actors. Movie companies usually hire special stunt people to stand in for the actors in scenes that are unsafe. Movie producers don't like to let actors do their own stunt work. If the actors injure themselves, it can delay the production schedule. Using stunt people also saves time. Most stunt people have years of experience, which enables them to perform their stunts with a minimum of risk. It would take too long to train the actors to perform dangerous scenes safely. Some people who love the thrill of dangerous sports such as skydiving or rock climbing think it would be easy to work as a stunt person. But it isn’t enough to be a risk-taker. Stunt performers also have to know what to do if anything goes wrong. In addition to risk-taking and meticulous attention to detail and planning, stunt work requires being in top physical condition. Although there are a few training programmes for stunt performers, most provide only an overview of the profession. Normally, the people who attend these programmes already have experience in dangerous sports, rescue work, or the military. So the best way to prepare for a career in stunt work is to train in an area that involves strong physical conditioning and has an element of physical danger. Modern filmmaking techniques have changed the way some dangerous scenes are filmed. For example, computer-generated images make it possible to show stunts that would be too dangerous or expensive for real stunt people to perform. Computer-generated images are often used today to create big fight scenes, car crashes, and explosions. However, they are not always the best choice. Many audiences want to see real people perform actual stunts. Also, the rising popularity of made-for-TV movies around the world ensures that there is still plenty for stunt people in the film industry.

Device-centred communication has become almost universal over the past twenty years. More than three quarters of people in the world now own a mobile device, and more than half communicate via social networking. It is now hard to imagine a world without mobile devices consisting of such things as mobile phones, laptops and tablets. They allow us to stay in touch with a large network of friends, no matter where they are. But many experts say that communicating with a device is nothing like talking with someone in person. “Body language, eye contact and tone of voice can tell us so much,” psychologist Mary Peters says. “And none of those exist on a device. Even video chat removes many subtle clues.” We don’t know to what extent these technologies will permanently change the way people interact. People will always want to meet up with others in small and large groups. Indeed, it is fair to say that social media makes it easier than ever before for people to organise social events. However, there is still a danger that device-centred communication may have a negative long-term impact on the way people interact with each other on a day-to-day basis. We must not, therefore, lose sight of the need to focus on the actual people around us, and remember that they deserve our real – not virtual – attention. The idea of a culture where people always have a screen between them sounds a bit funny, because deep understanding comes when we see the reactions on other people’s faces.